initial checkin tunDevice.cpp and h

5 files changed, 3906 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/openvpn/tun.c b/openvpn/tun.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e904a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openvpn/tun.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3446 @@
+/*
+ *  OpenVPN -- An application to securely tunnel IP networks
+ *             over a single TCP/UDP port, with support for SSL/TLS-based
+ *             session authentication and key exchange,
+ *             packet encryption, packet authentication, and
+ *             packet compression.
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2002-2005 OpenVPN Solutions LLC <info@openvpn.net>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
+ *  as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program (see the file COPYING included with this
+ *  distribution); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ *  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Support routines for configuring and accessing TUN/TAP
+ * virtual network adapters.
+ *
+ * This file is based on the TUN/TAP driver interface routines
+ * from VTun by Maxim Krasnyansky <max_mk@yahoo.com>.
+ */
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#include "config-win32.h"
+#else
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "syshead.h"
+
+#include "tun.h"
+#include "fdmisc.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "misc.h"
+#include "socket.h"
+#include "manage.h"
+
+#include "memdbg.h"
+
+#ifdef TARGET_SOLARIS
+static void solaris_error_close (struct tuntap *tt, const struct env_set *es, const char *actual);
+#endif
+
+bool
+is_dev_type (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *match_type)
+{
+  ASSERT (match_type);
+  if (!dev)
+    return false;
+  if (dev_type)
+    return !strcmp (dev_type, match_type);
+  else
+    return !strncmp (dev, match_type, strlen (match_type));
+}
+
+int
+dev_type_enum (const char *dev, const char *dev_type)
+{
+  if (is_dev_type (dev, dev_type, "tun"))
+    return DEV_TYPE_TUN;
+  else if (is_dev_type (dev, dev_type, "tap"))
+    return DEV_TYPE_TAP;
+  else if (is_dev_type (dev, dev_type, "null"))
+    return DEV_TYPE_NULL;
+  else
+    return DEV_TYPE_UNDEF;
+}
+
+const char *
+dev_type_string (const char *dev, const char *dev_type)
+{
+  switch (dev_type_enum (dev, dev_type))
+    {
+    case DEV_TYPE_TUN:
+      return "tun";
+    case DEV_TYPE_TAP:
+      return "tap";
+    case DEV_TYPE_NULL:
+      return "null";
+    default:
+      return "[unknown-dev-type]";
+    }
+}
+
+const char *
+dev_component_in_dev_node (const char *dev_node)
+{
+  const char *ret;
+  const int dirsep = OS_SPECIFIC_DIRSEP;
+
+  if (dev_node)
+    {
+      ret = strrchr (dev_node, dirsep);
+      if (ret && *ret)
+	++ret;
+      else
+	ret = dev_node;
+      if (*ret)
+	return ret;
+    }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to predict the actual TUN/TAP device instance name,
+ * before the device is actually opened.
+ */
+const char *
+guess_tuntap_dev (const char *dev,
+		  const char *dev_type,
+		  const char *dev_node,
+		  struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  const int dt = dev_type_enum (dev, dev_type);
+  if (dt == DEV_TYPE_TUN || dt == DEV_TYPE_TAP)
+    {
+      return get_netsh_id (dev_node, gc);
+    }
+#endif
+
+  /* default case */
+  return dev;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called by the open_tun function of OSes to check if we
+ * explicitly support IPv6.
+ *
+ * In this context, explicit means that the OS expects us to
+ * do something special to the tun socket in order to support
+ * IPv6, i.e. it is not transparent.
+ *
+ * ipv6_explicitly_supported should be set to false if we don't
+ * have any explicit IPv6 code in the tun device handler.
+ *
+ * If ipv6_explicitly_supported is true, then we have explicit
+ * OS-specific tun dev code for handling IPv6.  If so, tt->ipv6
+ * is set according to the --tun-ipv6 command line option.
+ */
+static void
+ipv6_support (bool ipv6, bool ipv6_explicitly_supported, struct tuntap* tt)
+{
+  tt->ipv6 = false;
+  if (ipv6_explicitly_supported)
+    tt->ipv6 = ipv6;
+  else if (ipv6)
+    msg (M_WARN, "NOTE: explicit support for IPv6 tun devices is not provided for this OS");
+}
+
+/* --ifconfig-nowarn disables some options sanity checking */
+static const char ifconfig_warn_how_to_silence[] = "(silence this warning with --ifconfig-nowarn)";
+
+/*
+ * If !tun, make sure ifconfig_remote_netmask looks
+ *  like a netmask.
+ *
+ * If tun, make sure ifconfig_remote_netmask looks
+ *  like an IPv4 address.
+ */
+static void
+ifconfig_sanity_check (bool tun, in_addr_t addr)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  const bool looks_like_netmask = ((addr & 0xFF000000) == 0xFF000000);
+  if (tun)
+    {
+      if (looks_like_netmask)
+	msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: Since you are using --dev tun, the second argument to --ifconfig must be an IP address.  You are using something (%s) that looks more like a netmask. %s",
+	     print_in_addr_t (addr, 0, &gc),
+	     ifconfig_warn_how_to_silence);
+    }
+  else /* tap */
+    {
+      if (!looks_like_netmask)
+	msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: Since you are using --dev tap, the second argument to --ifconfig must be a netmask, for example something like 255.255.255.0. %s",
+	     ifconfig_warn_how_to_silence);
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * For TAP-style devices, generate a broadcast address.
+ */
+static in_addr_t
+generate_ifconfig_broadcast_addr (in_addr_t local,
+				  in_addr_t netmask)
+{
+  return local | ~netmask;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that --local and --remote addresses do not
+ * clash with ifconfig addresses or subnet.
+ */
+static void
+check_addr_clash (const char *name,
+		  int type,
+		  in_addr_t public,
+		  in_addr_t local,
+		  in_addr_t remote_netmask)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+#if 0
+  msg (M_INFO, "CHECK_ADDR_CLASH type=%d public=%s local=%s, remote_netmask=%s",
+       type,
+       print_in_addr_t (public, 0, &gc),
+       print_in_addr_t (local, 0, &gc),
+       print_in_addr_t (remote_netmask, 0, &gc));
+#endif
+
+  if (public)
+    {
+      if (type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+	{
+	  const in_addr_t test_netmask = 0xFFFFFF00;
+	  const in_addr_t public_net = public & test_netmask;
+	  const in_addr_t local_net = local & test_netmask;
+	  const in_addr_t remote_net = remote_netmask & test_netmask;
+
+	  if (public == local || public == remote_netmask)
+	    msg (M_WARN,
+		 "WARNING: --%s address [%s] conflicts with --ifconfig address pair [%s, %s]. %s",
+		 name,
+		 print_in_addr_t (public, 0, &gc),
+		 print_in_addr_t (local, 0, &gc),
+		 print_in_addr_t (remote_netmask, 0, &gc),
+		 ifconfig_warn_how_to_silence);
+
+	  if (public_net == local_net || public_net == remote_net)
+	    msg (M_WARN,
+		 "WARNING: potential conflict between --%s address [%s] and --ifconfig address pair [%s, %s] -- this is a warning only that is triggered when local/remote addresses exist within the same /24 subnet as --ifconfig endpoints. %s",
+		 name,
+		 print_in_addr_t (public, 0, &gc),
+		 print_in_addr_t (local, 0, &gc),
+		 print_in_addr_t (remote_netmask, 0, &gc),
+		 ifconfig_warn_how_to_silence);
+	}
+      else if (type == DEV_TYPE_TAP)
+	{
+	  const in_addr_t public_network = public & remote_netmask;
+	  const in_addr_t virtual_network = local & remote_netmask;
+	  if (public_network == virtual_network)
+	    msg (M_WARN,
+		 "WARNING: --%s address [%s] conflicts with --ifconfig subnet [%s, %s] -- local and remote addresses cannot be inside of the --ifconfig subnet. %s",
+		 name,
+		 print_in_addr_t (public, 0, &gc),
+		 print_in_addr_t (local, 0, &gc),
+		 print_in_addr_t (remote_netmask, 0, &gc),
+		 ifconfig_warn_how_to_silence);
+	}
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Complain if --dev tap and --ifconfig is used on an OS for which
+ * we don't have a custom tap ifconfig template below.
+ */
+static void
+no_tap_ifconfig ()
+{
+  msg (M_FATAL, "Sorry but you cannot use --dev tap and --ifconfig together on this OS because I have not yet been programmed to understand the appropriate ifconfig syntax to use for TAP-style devices on this OS.  Your best alternative is to use an --up script and do the ifconfig command manually.");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a string to be used for options compatibility check
+ * between peers.
+ */
+const char *
+ifconfig_options_string (const struct tuntap* tt, bool remote, bool disable, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct buffer out = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+  if (tt->did_ifconfig_setup && !disable)
+    {
+      if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+	{
+	  const char *l, *r;
+	  if (remote)
+	    {
+	      r = print_in_addr_t (tt->local, 0, gc);
+	      l = print_in_addr_t (tt->remote_netmask, 0, gc);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      l = print_in_addr_t (tt->local, 0, gc);
+	      r = print_in_addr_t (tt->remote_netmask, 0, gc);
+	    }
+	  buf_printf (&out, "%s %s", r, l);
+	}
+      else if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TAP)
+	{
+	  buf_printf (&out, "%s %s",
+		      print_in_addr_t (tt->local & tt->remote_netmask, 0, gc),
+		      print_in_addr_t (tt->remote_netmask, 0, gc));
+	}
+      else
+	buf_printf (&out, "[undef]");
+    }
+  return BSTR (&out);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a status string describing wait state.
+ */
+const char *
+tun_stat (const struct tuntap *tt, unsigned int rwflags, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct buffer out = alloc_buf_gc (64, gc);
+  if (tt)
+    {
+      if (rwflags & EVENT_READ)
+	{
+	  buf_printf (&out, "T%s",
+		      (tt->rwflags_debug & EVENT_READ) ? "R" : "r");
+#ifdef WIN32
+	  buf_printf (&out, "%s",
+		      overlapped_io_state_ascii (&tt->reads));
+#endif
+	}
+      if (rwflags & EVENT_WRITE)
+	{
+	  buf_printf (&out, "T%s",
+		      (tt->rwflags_debug & EVENT_WRITE) ? "W" : "w");
+#ifdef WIN32
+	  buf_printf (&out, "%s",
+		      overlapped_io_state_ascii (&tt->writes));
+#endif
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      buf_printf (&out, "T?");
+    }
+  return BSTR (&out);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Init tun/tap object.
+ *
+ * Set up tuntap structure for ifconfig,
+ * but don't execute yet.
+ */
+struct tuntap *
+init_tun (const char *dev,       /* --dev option */
+	  const char *dev_type,  /* --dev-type option */
+	  const char *ifconfig_local_parm,          /* --ifconfig parm 1 */
+	  const char *ifconfig_remote_netmask_parm, /* --ifconfig parm 2 */
+	  in_addr_t local_public,
+	  in_addr_t remote_public,
+	  const bool strict_warn,
+	  struct env_set *es)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  struct tuntap *tt;
+
+  ALLOC_OBJ (tt, struct tuntap);
+  clear_tuntap (tt);
+
+  tt->type = dev_type_enum (dev, dev_type);
+
+  if (ifconfig_local_parm && ifconfig_remote_netmask_parm)
+    {
+      bool tun = false;
+      const char *ifconfig_local = NULL;
+      const char *ifconfig_remote_netmask = NULL;
+      const char *ifconfig_broadcast = NULL;
+
+      /*
+       * We only handle TUN/TAP devices here, not --dev null devices.
+       */
+      if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+	tun = true;
+      else if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TAP)
+	tun = false;
+      else
+	msg (M_FATAL, "'%s' is not a TUN/TAP device.  The --ifconfig option works only for TUN/TAP devices.", dev);
+
+      /*
+       * Convert arguments to binary IPv4 addresses.
+       */
+
+      tt->local = getaddr (
+			   GETADDR_RESOLVE
+			   | GETADDR_HOST_ORDER
+			   | GETADDR_FATAL_ON_SIGNAL
+			   | GETADDR_FATAL,
+			   ifconfig_local_parm,
+			   0,
+			   NULL,
+			   NULL);
+
+      tt->remote_netmask = getaddr (
+				    (tun ? GETADDR_RESOLVE : 0)
+				    | GETADDR_HOST_ORDER
+				    | GETADDR_FATAL_ON_SIGNAL
+				    | GETADDR_FATAL,
+				    ifconfig_remote_netmask_parm,
+				    0,
+				    NULL,
+				    NULL);
+
+      /*
+       * Look for common errors in --ifconfig parms
+       */
+      if (strict_warn)
+	{
+	  ifconfig_sanity_check (tun, tt->remote_netmask);
+
+	  /*
+	   * If local_public or remote_public addresses are defined,
+	   * make sure they do not clash with our virtual subnet.
+	   */
+
+	  check_addr_clash ("local",
+			    tt->type,
+			    local_public,
+			    tt->local,
+			    tt->remote_netmask);
+
+	  check_addr_clash ("remote",
+			    tt->type,
+			    remote_public,
+			    tt->local,
+			    tt->remote_netmask);
+	}
+
+      /*
+       * Set ifconfig parameters
+       */
+      ifconfig_local = print_in_addr_t (tt->local, 0, &gc);
+      ifconfig_remote_netmask = print_in_addr_t (tt->remote_netmask, 0, &gc);
+
+      /*
+       * If TAP-style interface, generate broadcast address.
+       */
+      if (!tun)
+	{
+	  tt->broadcast = generate_ifconfig_broadcast_addr (tt->local, tt->remote_netmask);
+	  ifconfig_broadcast = print_in_addr_t (tt->broadcast, 0, &gc);
+	}
+
+      /*
+       * Set environmental variables with ifconfig parameters.
+       */
+      if (es)
+	{
+	  setenv_str (es, "ifconfig_local", ifconfig_local);
+	  if (tun)
+	    {
+	      setenv_str (es, "ifconfig_remote", ifconfig_remote_netmask);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      setenv_str (es, "ifconfig_netmask", ifconfig_remote_netmask);
+	      setenv_str (es, "ifconfig_broadcast", ifconfig_broadcast);
+	    }
+	}
+
+      tt->did_ifconfig_setup = true;
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+  return tt;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Platform specific tun initializations
+ */
+void
+init_tun_post (struct tuntap *tt,
+	       const struct frame *frame,
+	       const struct tuntap_options *options)
+{
+  tt->options = *options;
+#ifdef WIN32
+  overlapped_io_init (&tt->reads, frame, FALSE, true);
+  overlapped_io_init (&tt->writes, frame, TRUE, true);
+  tt->rw_handle.read = tt->reads.overlapped.hEvent;
+  tt->rw_handle.write = tt->writes.overlapped.hEvent;
+  tt->adapter_index = ~0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* execute the ifconfig command through the shell */
+void
+do_ifconfig (struct tuntap *tt,
+	     const char *actual,    /* actual device name */
+	     int tun_mtu,
+	     const struct env_set *es)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+
+  if (tt->did_ifconfig_setup)
+    {
+      bool tun = false;
+      const char *ifconfig_local = NULL;
+      const char *ifconfig_remote_netmask = NULL;
+      const char *ifconfig_broadcast = NULL;
+      char command_line[256];
+
+      /*
+       * We only handle TUN/TAP devices here, not --dev null devices.
+       */
+      if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+	tun = true;
+      else if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TAP)
+	tun = false;
+      else
+	ASSERT (0); /* should have been caught in init_tun */
+
+      /*
+       * Set ifconfig parameters
+       */
+      ifconfig_local = print_in_addr_t (tt->local, 0, &gc);
+      ifconfig_remote_netmask = print_in_addr_t (tt->remote_netmask, 0, &gc);
+
+      /*
+       * If TAP-style device, generate broadcast address.
+       */
+      if (!tun)
+	ifconfig_broadcast = print_in_addr_t (tt->broadcast, 0, &gc);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+  if (management)
+    {
+      management_set_state (management,
+			    OPENVPN_STATE_ASSIGN_IP,
+			    NULL,
+			    tt->local);
+    }
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(TARGET_LINUX)
+#ifdef CONFIG_FEATURE_IPROUTE
+	/*
+	 * Set the MTU for the device
+	 */
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IPROUTE_PATH " link set dev %s up mtu %d",
+			  actual,
+			  tun_mtu
+			  );
+	  msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+	  system_check (command_line, es, S_FATAL, "Linux ip link set failed");
+
+	if (tun) {
+
+		/*
+		 * Set the address for the device
+		 */
+		openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+				  IPROUTE_PATH " addr add dev %s local %s peer %s",
+				  actual,
+				  ifconfig_local,
+				  ifconfig_remote_netmask
+				  );
+		  msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+		  system_check (command_line, es, S_FATAL, "Linux ip addr add failed");
+	} else {
+		openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+				  IPROUTE_PATH " addr add dev %s %s/%d broadcast %s",
+				  actual,
+				  ifconfig_local,
+				  count_netmask_bits(ifconfig_remote_netmask),
+				  ifconfig_broadcast
+				  );
+		  msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+		  system_check (command_line, es, S_FATAL, "Linux ip addr add failed");
+	}
+	tt->did_ifconfig = true;
+#else
+      if (tun)
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s pointopoint %s mtu %d",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu
+			  );
+      else
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s netmask %s mtu %d broadcast %s",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu,
+			  ifconfig_broadcast
+			  );
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+      system_check (command_line, es, S_FATAL, "Linux ifconfig failed");
+      tt->did_ifconfig = true;
+
+#endif /*CONFIG_FEATURE_IPROUTE*/
+#elif defined(TARGET_SOLARIS)
+
+      /* Solaris 2.6 (and 7?) cannot set all parameters in one go...
+       * example:
+       *    ifconfig tun2 10.2.0.2 10.2.0.1 mtu 1450 up
+       *    ifconfig tun2 netmask 255.255.255.255
+       */
+      if (tun)
+	{
+	  openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			    IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s %s mtu %d up",
+			    actual,
+			    ifconfig_local,
+			    ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			    tun_mtu
+			    );
+
+	  msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+	  if (!system_check (command_line, es, 0, "Solaris ifconfig phase-1 failed"))
+	    solaris_error_close (tt, es, actual);
+
+	  openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			    IFCONFIG_PATH " %s netmask 255.255.255.255",
+			    actual
+			    );
+	}
+      else
+	no_tap_ifconfig ();
+
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+      if (!system_check (command_line, es, 0, "Solaris ifconfig phase-2 failed"))
+	solaris_error_close (tt, es, actual);
+
+      tt->did_ifconfig = true;
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_OPENBSD)
+
+      /*
+       * OpenBSD tun devices appear to be persistent by default.  It seems in order
+       * to make this work correctly, we need to delete the previous instance
+       * (if it exists), and re-ifconfig.  Let me know if you know a better way.
+       */
+
+      openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			IFCONFIG_PATH " %s destroy",
+			actual);
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+      system_check (command_line, es, 0, NULL);
+      openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			IFCONFIG_PATH " %s create",
+			actual);
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+      system_check (command_line, es, 0, NULL);
+      msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure");
+
+      /* example: ifconfig tun2 10.2.0.2 10.2.0.1 mtu 1450 netmask 255.255.255.255 up */
+      if (tun)
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s %s mtu %d netmask 255.255.255.255 up",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu
+			  );
+      else
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s netmask %s mtu %d broadcast %s link0",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu,
+			  ifconfig_broadcast
+			  );
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+      system_check (command_line, es, S_FATAL, "OpenBSD ifconfig failed");
+      tt->did_ifconfig = true;
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_NETBSD)
+
+      if (tun)
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s %s mtu %d netmask 255.255.255.255 up",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu
+			  );
+      else
+      /*
+       * NetBSD has distinct tun and tap devices
+       * so we don't need the "link0" extra parameter to specify we want to do 
+       * tunneling at the ethernet level
+       */
+		openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s netmask %s mtu %d broadcast %s",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu,
+			  ifconfig_broadcast
+			  );
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+      system_check (command_line, es, S_FATAL, "NetBSD ifconfig failed");
+      tt->did_ifconfig = true;
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_DARWIN)
+
+      /*
+       * Darwin (i.e. Mac OS X) seems to exhibit similar behaviour to OpenBSD...
+       */
+
+      openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			IFCONFIG_PATH " %s delete",
+			actual);
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+      system_check (command_line, es, 0, NULL);
+      msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure");
+
+
+      /* example: ifconfig tun2 10.2.0.2 10.2.0.1 mtu 1450 netmask 255.255.255.255 up */
+      if (tun)
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s %s mtu %d netmask 255.255.255.255 up",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu
+			  );
+      else
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s netmask %s mtu %d up",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu
+			  );
+
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+      system_check (command_line, es, S_FATAL, "Mac OS X ifconfig failed");
+      tt->did_ifconfig = true;
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_FREEBSD)
+
+      /* example: ifconfig tun2 10.2.0.2 10.2.0.1 mtu 1450 netmask 255.255.255.255 up */
+      if (tun)
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s %s mtu %d netmask 255.255.255.255 up",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu
+			  );
+      else
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  IFCONFIG_PATH " %s %s netmask %s mtu %d up",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  ifconfig_remote_netmask,
+			  tun_mtu
+			  );
+	
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+      system_check (command_line, es, S_FATAL, "FreeBSD ifconfig failed");
+      tt->did_ifconfig = true;
+
+#elif defined (WIN32)
+      {
+	const char *netmask;
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure that both ifconfig addresses are part of the
+	 * same .252 subnet.
+	 */
+	if (tun)
+	  {
+	    verify_255_255_255_252 (tt->local, tt->remote_netmask);
+	    tt->adapter_netmask = ~3;
+	    netmask = print_in_addr_t (tt->adapter_netmask, 0, &gc);
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    netmask = ifconfig_remote_netmask;
+	    tt->adapter_netmask = tt->remote_netmask;
+	  }
+
+	/* example: netsh interface ip set address my-tap static 10.3.0.1 255.255.255.0 */
+	openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+			  "netsh interface ip set address \"%s\" static %s %s",
+			  actual,
+			  ifconfig_local,
+			  netmask);
+	
+	switch (tt->options.ip_win32_type)
+	  {
+	  case IPW32_SET_MANUAL:
+	    msg (M_INFO, "******** NOTE:  Please manually set the IP/netmask of '%s' to %s/%s (if it is not already set)",
+		 actual,
+		 ifconfig_local,
+		 netmask);
+	    break;
+	  case IPW32_SET_NETSH:
+	    if (!strcmp (actual, "NULL"))
+	      msg (M_FATAL, "Error: When using --ip-win32 netsh, if you have more than one TAP-Win32 adapter, you must also specify --dev-node");
+	    netcmd_semaphore_lock ();
+	    msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+	    system_check (command_line, es, S_FATAL, "ERROR: netsh command failed");
+	    netcmd_semaphore_release ();
+	    break;
+	  }
+	tt->did_ifconfig = true;
+      }
+
+#else
+      msg (M_FATAL, "Sorry, but I don't know how to do 'ifconfig' commands on this operating system.  You should ifconfig your TUN/TAP device manually or use an --up script.");
+#endif
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+void
+clear_tuntap (struct tuntap *tuntap)
+{
+  CLEAR (*tuntap);
+#ifdef WIN32
+  tuntap->hand = NULL;
+#else
+  tuntap->fd = -1;
+#endif
+#ifdef TARGET_SOLARIS
+  tuntap->ip_fd = -1;
+#endif
+  tuntap->ipv6 = false;
+}
+
+static void
+open_null (struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  tt->actual_name = string_alloc ("null", NULL);
+}
+
+#ifndef WIN32
+static void
+open_tun_generic (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node,
+		  bool ipv6, bool ipv6_explicitly_supported, bool dynamic,
+		  struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  char tunname[256];
+  char dynamic_name[256];
+  bool dynamic_opened = false;
+
+  ipv6_support (ipv6, ipv6_explicitly_supported, tt);
+
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_NULL)
+    {
+      open_null (tt);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /*
+       * --dev-node specified, so open an explicit device node
+       */
+      if (dev_node)
+	{
+	  openvpn_snprintf (tunname, sizeof (tunname), "%s", dev_node);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /*
+	   * dynamic open is indicated by --dev specified without
+	   * explicit unit number.  Try opening /dev/[dev]n
+	   * where n = [0, 255].
+	   */
+	  if (dynamic && !has_digit(dev))
+	    {
+	      int i;
+	      for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
+		{
+		  openvpn_snprintf (tunname, sizeof (tunname),
+				    "/dev/%s%d", dev, i);
+		  openvpn_snprintf (dynamic_name, sizeof (dynamic_name),
+				    "%s%d", dev, i);
+		  if ((tt->fd = open (tunname, O_RDWR)) > 0)
+		    {
+		      dynamic_opened = true;
+		      break;
+		    }
+		  msg (D_READ_WRITE | M_ERRNO, "Tried opening %s (failed)", tunname);
+		}
+	      if (!dynamic_opened)
+		msg (M_FATAL, "Cannot allocate TUN/TAP dev dynamically");
+	    }
+	  /*
+	   * explicit unit number specified
+	   */
+	  else
+	    {
+	      openvpn_snprintf (tunname, sizeof (tunname), "/dev/%s", dev);
+	    }
+	}
+
+      if (!dynamic_opened)
+	{
+	  if ((tt->fd = open (tunname, O_RDWR)) < 0)
+	    msg (M_ERR, "Cannot open TUN/TAP dev %s", tunname);
+	}
+
+      set_nonblock (tt->fd);
+      set_cloexec (tt->fd); /* don't pass fd to scripts */
+      msg (M_INFO, "TUN/TAP device %s opened", tunname);
+
+      /* tt->actual_name is passed to up and down scripts and used as the ifconfig dev name */
+      tt->actual_name = string_alloc (dynamic_opened ? dynamic_name : dev, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+close_tun_generic (struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  if (tt->fd >= 0)
+    close (tt->fd);
+  if (tt->actual_name)
+    free (tt->actual_name);
+  clear_tuntap (tt);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined(TARGET_LINUX)
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LINUX_IF_TUN_H	/* New driver support */
+
+#ifndef HAVE_LINUX_SOCKIOS_H
+#error header file linux/sockios.h required
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE_TUN_PI) && defined(HAVE_IPHDR) && defined(HAVE_IOVEC) && defined(ETH_P_IPV6) && defined(ETH_P_IP) && defined(HAVE_READV) && defined(HAVE_WRITEV)
+#define LINUX_IPV6 1
+/* #warning IPv6 ON */
+#else
+#define LINUX_IPV6 0
+/* #warning IPv6 OFF */
+#endif
+
+#if !PEDANTIC
+
+void
+open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  struct ifreq ifr;
+
+  /*
+   * Set tt->ipv6 to true if
+   * (a) we have the capability of supporting --tun-ipv6, and
+   * (b) --tun-ipv6 was specified.
+   */
+  ipv6_support (ipv6, LINUX_IPV6, tt);
+
+  /*
+   * We handle --dev null specially, we do not open /dev/null for this.
+   */
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_NULL)
+    {
+      open_null (tt);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /*
+       * Process --dev-node
+       */
+      const char *node = dev_node;
+      if (!node)
+	node = "/dev/net/tun";
+
+      /*
+       * Open the interface
+       */
+      if ((tt->fd = open (node, O_RDWR)) < 0)
+	{
+	  msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Note: Cannot open TUN/TAP dev %s", node);
+	  goto linux_2_2_fallback;
+	}
+
+      /*
+       * Process --tun-ipv6
+       */
+      CLEAR (ifr);
+      if (!tt->ipv6)
+	ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_NO_PI;
+
+#if defined(IFF_ONE_QUEUE) && defined(SIOCSIFTXQLEN)
+      ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_ONE_QUEUE;
+#endif
+
+      /*
+       * Figure out if tun or tap device
+       */
+      if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+	{
+	  ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_TUN;
+	}
+      else if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TAP)
+	{
+	  ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_TAP;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  msg (M_FATAL, "I don't recognize device %s as a tun or tap device",
+	       dev);
+	}
+
+      /*
+       * Set an explicit name, if --dev is not tun or tap
+       */
+      if (strcmp(dev, "tun") && strcmp(dev, "tap"))
+	strncpynt (ifr.ifr_name, dev, IFNAMSIZ);
+
+      /*
+       * Use special ioctl that configures tun/tap device with the parms
+       * we set in ifr
+       */
+      if (ioctl (tt->fd, TUNSETIFF, (void *) &ifr) < 0)
+	{
+	  msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Note: Cannot ioctl TUNSETIFF %s", dev);
+	  goto linux_2_2_fallback;
+	}
+
+      msg (M_INFO, "TUN/TAP device %s opened", ifr.ifr_name);
+
+      /*
+       * Try making the TX send queue bigger
+       */
+#if defined(IFF_ONE_QUEUE) && defined(SIOCSIFTXQLEN)
+      {
+	struct ifreq netifr;
+	int ctl_fd;
+
+	if ((ctl_fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) >= 0)
+	  {
+	    CLEAR (netifr);
+	    strncpynt (netifr.ifr_name, ifr.ifr_name, IFNAMSIZ);
+	    netifr.ifr_qlen = tt->options.txqueuelen;
+	    if (ioctl (ctl_fd, SIOCSIFTXQLEN, (void *) &netifr) >= 0)
+	      msg (D_OSBUF, "TUN/TAP TX queue length set to %d", tt->options.txqueuelen);
+	    else
+	      msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Note: Cannot set tx queue length on %s", ifr.ifr_name);
+	    close (ctl_fd);
+	  }
+	else
+	  {
+	    msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Note: Cannot open control socket on %s", ifr.ifr_name);
+	  }
+      }
+#endif
+
+      set_nonblock (tt->fd);
+      set_cloexec (tt->fd);
+      tt->actual_name = string_alloc (ifr.ifr_name, NULL);
+    }
+  return;
+
+ linux_2_2_fallback:
+  msg (M_INFO, "Note: Attempting fallback to kernel 2.2 TUN/TAP interface");
+  if (tt->fd >= 0)
+    {
+      close (tt->fd);
+      tt->fd = -1;
+    }
+  open_tun_generic (dev, dev_type, dev_node, ipv6, false, true, tt);
+}
+
+#else
+
+void
+open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  ASSERT (0);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#else
+
+void
+open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  open_tun_generic (dev, dev_type, dev_node, ipv6, false, true, tt);
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_LINUX_IF_TUN_H */
+
+#ifdef TUNSETPERSIST
+
+void
+tuncfg (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, int persist_mode)
+{
+  struct tuntap *tt;
+
+  ALLOC_OBJ (tt, struct tuntap);
+  clear_tuntap (tt);
+  tt->type = dev_type_enum (dev, dev_type);
+  open_tun (dev, dev_type, dev_node, ipv6, tt);
+  if (ioctl (tt->fd, TUNSETPERSIST, persist_mode) < 0)
+    msg (M_ERR, "Cannot ioctl TUNSETPERSIST(%d) %s", persist_mode, dev);
+  close_tun (tt);
+  msg (M_INFO, "Persist state set to: %s", (persist_mode ? "ON" : "OFF"));
+}
+
+#endif /* TUNSETPERSIST */
+
+void
+close_tun (struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  if (tt)
+    {
+      close_tun_generic (tt);
+      free (tt);
+    }
+}
+
+int
+write_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+#if LINUX_IPV6
+  if (tt->ipv6)
+    {
+      struct tun_pi pi;
+      struct iphdr *iph;
+      struct iovec vect[2];
+      int ret;
+
+      iph = (struct iphdr *)buf;
+
+      pi.flags = 0;
+
+      if(iph->version == 6)
+	pi.proto = htons(ETH_P_IPV6);
+      else
+	pi.proto = htons(ETH_P_IP);
+
+      vect[0].iov_len = sizeof(pi);
+      vect[0].iov_base = &pi;
+      vect[1].iov_len = len;
+      vect[1].iov_base = buf;
+
+      ret = writev(tt->fd, vect, 2);
+      return(ret - sizeof(pi));
+    }
+  else
+#endif
+    return write (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+int
+read_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+#if LINUX_IPV6
+  if (tt->ipv6)
+    {
+      struct iovec vect[2];
+      struct tun_pi pi;
+      int ret;
+
+      vect[0].iov_len = sizeof(pi);
+      vect[0].iov_base = &pi;
+      vect[1].iov_len = len;
+      vect[1].iov_base = buf;
+
+      ret = readv(tt->fd, vect, 2);
+      return(ret - sizeof(pi));
+    }
+  else
+#endif
+    return read (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_SOLARIS)
+
+#ifndef TUNNEWPPA
+#error I need the symbol TUNNEWPPA from net/if_tun.h
+#endif
+
+void
+open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  int if_fd, muxid, ppa = -1;
+  struct ifreq ifr;
+  const char *ptr;
+  const char *ip_node;
+  const char *dev_tuntap_type;
+  int link_type;
+  bool is_tun;
+
+  ipv6_support (ipv6, false, tt);
+
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_NULL)
+    {
+      open_null (tt);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+    {
+      ip_node = "/dev/udp";
+      if (!dev_node)
+	dev_node = "/dev/tun";
+      dev_tuntap_type = "tun";
+      link_type = I_PLINK;
+      is_tun = true;
+    }
+  else if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TAP)
+    {
+      ip_node = "/dev/ip";
+      if (!dev_node)
+	dev_node = "/dev/tap";
+      dev_tuntap_type = "tap";
+      link_type = I_PLINK; /* was: I_LINK */
+      is_tun = false;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      msg (M_FATAL, "I don't recognize device %s as a tun or tap device",
+	   dev);
+    }
+  
+  /* get unit number */
+  if (*dev)
+    {
+      ptr = dev;
+      while (*ptr && !isdigit ((int) *ptr))
+	ptr++;
+      ppa = atoi (ptr);
+    }
+
+  if ((tt->ip_fd = open (ip_node, O_RDWR, 0)) < 0)
+    msg (M_ERR, "Can't open %s", ip_node);
+
+  if ((tt->fd = open (dev_node, O_RDWR, 0)) < 0)
+    msg (M_ERR, "Can't open %s", dev_node);
+
+  /* Assign a new PPA and get its unit number. */
+  if ((ppa = ioctl (tt->fd, TUNNEWPPA, ppa)) < 0)
+    msg (M_ERR, "Can't assign new interface");
+
+  if ((if_fd = open (dev_node, O_RDWR, 0)) < 0)
+    msg (M_ERR, "Can't open %s (2)", dev_node);
+
+  if (ioctl (if_fd, I_PUSH, "ip") < 0)
+    msg (M_ERR, "Can't push IP module");
+
+  /* Assign ppa according to the unit number returned by tun device */
+  if (ioctl (if_fd, IF_UNITSEL, (char *) &ppa) < 0)
+    msg (M_ERR, "Can't set PPA %d", ppa);
+
+  if ((muxid = ioctl (tt->ip_fd, link_type, if_fd)) < 0)
+    msg (M_ERR, "Can't link %s device to IP", dev_tuntap_type);
+
+  close (if_fd);
+
+  tt->actual_name = (char *) malloc (32);
+  check_malloc_return (tt->actual_name);
+
+  openvpn_snprintf (tt->actual_name, 32, "%s%d", dev_tuntap_type, ppa);
+
+  CLEAR (ifr);
+  strncpynt (ifr.ifr_name, tt->actual_name, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
+  ifr.ifr_ip_muxid = muxid;
+
+  if (ioctl (tt->ip_fd, SIOCSIFMUXID, &ifr) < 0)
+    {
+      ioctl (tt->ip_fd, I_PUNLINK, muxid);
+      msg (M_ERR, "Can't set multiplexor id");
+    }
+
+  set_nonblock (tt->fd);
+  set_cloexec (tt->fd);
+  set_cloexec (tt->ip_fd);
+
+  msg (M_INFO, "TUN/TAP device %s opened", tt->actual_name);
+}
+
+static void
+solaris_close_tun (struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  if (tt)
+    {
+      if (tt->ip_fd >= 0)
+	{
+	  struct ifreq ifr;
+	  CLEAR (ifr);
+	  strncpynt (ifr.ifr_name, tt->actual_name, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
+
+	  if (ioctl (tt->ip_fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0)
+	    msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Can't get iface flags");
+
+	  if (ioctl (tt->ip_fd, SIOCGIFMUXID, &ifr) < 0)
+	    msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Can't get multiplexor id");
+
+	  if (ioctl (tt->ip_fd, I_PUNLINK, ifr.ifr_ip_muxid) < 0)
+	    msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Can't unlink interface");
+
+	  close (tt->ip_fd);
+	  tt->ip_fd = -1;
+	}
+
+      if (tt->fd >= 0)
+	{
+	  close (tt->fd);
+	  tt->fd = -1;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Close TUN device. 
+ */
+void
+close_tun (struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  if (tt)
+    {
+      solaris_close_tun (tt);
+
+      if (tt->actual_name)
+	free (tt->actual_name);
+      
+      clear_tuntap (tt);
+      free (tt);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+solaris_error_close (struct tuntap *tt, const struct env_set *es, const char *actual)
+{
+  char command_line[256];
+
+  openvpn_snprintf (command_line, sizeof (command_line),
+		    IFCONFIG_PATH " %s unplumb",
+		    actual);
+
+  msg (M_INFO, "%s", command_line);
+  system_check (command_line, es, 0, "Solaris ifconfig unplumb failed");
+  close_tun (tt);
+  msg (M_FATAL, "Solaris ifconfig failed");
+}
+
+int
+write_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  struct strbuf sbuf;
+  sbuf.len = len;
+  sbuf.buf = (char *)buf;
+  return putmsg (tt->fd, NULL, &sbuf, 0) >= 0 ? sbuf.len : -1;
+}
+
+int
+read_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  struct strbuf sbuf;
+  int f = 0;
+
+  sbuf.maxlen = len;
+  sbuf.buf = (char *)buf;
+  return getmsg (tt->fd, NULL, &sbuf, &f) >= 0 ? sbuf.len : -1;
+}
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_OPENBSD)
+
+#if !defined(HAVE_READV) || !defined(HAVE_WRITEV)
+#error openbsd build requires readv & writev library functions
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * OpenBSD has a slightly incompatible TUN device from
+ * the rest of the world, in that it prepends a
+ * uint32 to the beginning of the IP header
+ * to designate the protocol (why not just
+ * look at the version field in the IP header to
+ * determine v4 or v6?).
+ *
+ * We strip off this field on reads and
+ * put it back on writes.
+ *
+ * I have not tested TAP devices on OpenBSD,
+ * but I have conditionalized the special
+ * TUN handling code described above to
+ * go away for TAP devices.
+ */
+
+void
+open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  open_tun_generic (dev, dev_type, dev_node, ipv6, true, true, tt);
+
+  /* Enable multicast on the interface */
+  if (tt->fd >= 0)
+    {
+      struct tuninfo info;
+
+      if (ioctl (tt->fd, TUNGIFINFO, &info) < 0) {
+	msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Can't get interface info: %s",
+	  strerror(errno));
+      }
+
+      info.flags |= IFF_MULTICAST;
+
+      if (ioctl (tt->fd, TUNSIFINFO, &info) < 0) {
+	msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Can't set interface info: %s",
+	  strerror(errno));
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+close_tun (struct tuntap* tt)
+{
+  if (tt)
+    {
+      close_tun_generic (tt);
+      free (tt);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline int
+openbsd_modify_read_write_return (int len)
+{
+ if (len > 0)
+    return len > sizeof (u_int32_t) ? len - sizeof (u_int32_t) : 0;
+  else
+    return len;
+}
+
+int
+write_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+    {
+      u_int32_t type;
+      struct iovec iv[2];
+      struct ip *iph;
+
+      iph = (struct ip *) buf;
+
+      if (tt->ipv6 && iph->ip_v == 6)
+	type = htonl (AF_INET6);
+      else 
+	type = htonl (AF_INET);
+
+      iv[0].iov_base = &type;
+      iv[0].iov_len = sizeof (type);
+      iv[1].iov_base = buf;
+      iv[1].iov_len = len;
+
+      return openbsd_modify_read_write_return (writev (tt->fd, iv, 2));
+    }
+  else
+    return write (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+int
+read_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+    {
+      u_int32_t type;
+      struct iovec iv[2];
+
+      iv[0].iov_base = &type;
+      iv[0].iov_len = sizeof (type);
+      iv[1].iov_base = buf;
+      iv[1].iov_len = len;
+
+      return openbsd_modify_read_write_return (readv (tt->fd, iv, 2));
+    }
+  else
+    return read (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_NETBSD)
+
+/*
+ * NetBSD does not support IPv6 on tun out of the box,
+ * but there exists a patch. When this patch is applied,
+ * only two things are left to openvpn:
+ * 1. Activate multicasting (this has already been done
+ *    before by the kernel, but we make sure that nobody
+ *    has deactivated multicasting inbetween.
+ * 2. Deactivate "link layer mode" (otherwise NetBSD 
+ *    prepends the address family to the packet, and we
+ *    would run into the same trouble as with OpenBSD.
+ */
+
+void
+open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+    open_tun_generic (dev, dev_type, dev_node, ipv6, true, true, tt);
+    if (tt->fd >= 0)
+      {
+        int i = IFF_POINTOPOINT|IFF_MULTICAST;
+        ioctl (tt->fd, TUNSIFMODE, &i);  /* multicast on */
+        i = 0;
+        ioctl (tt->fd, TUNSLMODE, &i);   /* link layer mode off */
+      }
+}
+
+void
+close_tun (struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  if (tt)
+    {
+      close_tun_generic (tt);
+      free (tt);
+    }
+}
+
+int
+write_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+    return write (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+int
+read_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+    return read (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+#elif defined(TARGET_FREEBSD)
+
+static inline int
+freebsd_modify_read_write_return (int len)
+{
+  if (len > 0)
+    return len > sizeof (u_int32_t) ? len - sizeof (u_int32_t) : 0;
+  else
+    return len;
+}
+
+void
+open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  open_tun_generic (dev, dev_type, dev_node, ipv6, true, true, tt);
+
+  if (tt->fd >= 0)
+    {
+      int i = 0;
+
+      /* Disable extended modes */
+      ioctl (tt->fd, TUNSLMODE, &i);
+      i = 1;
+      ioctl (tt->fd, TUNSIFHEAD, &i);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+close_tun (struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  if (tt)
+    {
+      close_tun_generic (tt);
+      free (tt);
+    }
+}
+
+int
+write_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+    {
+      u_int32_t type;
+      struct iovec iv[2];
+      struct ip *iph;
+
+      iph = (struct ip *) buf;
+
+      if (tt->ipv6 && iph->ip_v == 6)
+        type = htonl (AF_INET6);
+      else 
+        type = htonl (AF_INET);
+
+      iv[0].iov_base = (char *)&type;
+      iv[0].iov_len = sizeof (type);
+      iv[1].iov_base = buf;
+      iv[1].iov_len = len;
+
+      return freebsd_modify_read_write_return (writev (tt->fd, iv, 2));
+    }
+  else
+    return write (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+int
+read_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+    {
+      u_int32_t type;
+      struct iovec iv[2];
+
+      iv[0].iov_base = (char *)&type;
+      iv[0].iov_len = sizeof (type);
+      iv[1].iov_base = buf;
+      iv[1].iov_len = len;
+
+      return freebsd_modify_read_write_return (readv (tt->fd, iv, 2));
+    }
+  else
+    return read (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+#elif defined(WIN32)
+
+int
+tun_read_queue (struct tuntap *tt, int maxsize)
+{
+  if (tt->reads.iostate == IOSTATE_INITIAL)
+    {
+      DWORD len;
+      BOOL status;
+      int err;
+
+      /* reset buf to its initial state */
+      tt->reads.buf = tt->reads.buf_init;
+
+      len = maxsize ? maxsize : BLEN (&tt->reads.buf);
+      ASSERT (len <= BLEN (&tt->reads.buf));
+
+      /* the overlapped read will signal this event on I/O completion */
+      ASSERT (ResetEvent (tt->reads.overlapped.hEvent));
+
+      status = ReadFile(
+		      tt->hand,
+		      BPTR (&tt->reads.buf),
+		      len,
+		      &tt->reads.size,
+		      &tt->reads.overlapped
+		      );
+
+      if (status) /* operation completed immediately? */
+	{
+	  /* since we got an immediate return, we must signal the event object ourselves */
+	  ASSERT (SetEvent (tt->reads.overlapped.hEvent));
+
+	  tt->reads.iostate = IOSTATE_IMMEDIATE_RETURN;
+	  tt->reads.status = 0;
+
+	  dmsg (D_WIN32_IO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Read immediate return [%d,%d]",
+	       (int) len,
+	       (int) tt->reads.size);	       
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  err = GetLastError (); 
+	  if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING) /* operation queued? */
+	    {
+	      tt->reads.iostate = IOSTATE_QUEUED;
+	      tt->reads.status = err;
+	      dmsg (D_WIN32_IO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Read queued [%d]",
+		   (int) len);
+	    }
+	  else /* error occurred */
+	    {
+	      struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+	      ASSERT (SetEvent (tt->reads.overlapped.hEvent));
+	      tt->reads.iostate = IOSTATE_IMMEDIATE_RETURN;
+	      tt->reads.status = err;
+	      dmsg (D_WIN32_IO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Read error [%d] : %s",
+		   (int) len,
+		   strerror_win32 (status, &gc));
+	      gc_free (&gc);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  return tt->reads.iostate;
+}
+
+int
+tun_write_queue (struct tuntap *tt, struct buffer *buf)
+{
+  if (tt->writes.iostate == IOSTATE_INITIAL)
+    {
+      BOOL status;
+      int err;
+ 
+      /* make a private copy of buf */
+      tt->writes.buf = tt->writes.buf_init;
+      tt->writes.buf.len = 0;
+      ASSERT (buf_copy (&tt->writes.buf, buf));
+
+      /* the overlapped write will signal this event on I/O completion */
+      ASSERT (ResetEvent (tt->writes.overlapped.hEvent));
+
+      status = WriteFile(
+			tt->hand,
+			BPTR (&tt->writes.buf),
+			BLEN (&tt->writes.buf),
+			&tt->writes.size,
+			&tt->writes.overlapped
+			);
+
+      if (status) /* operation completed immediately? */
+	{
+	  tt->writes.iostate = IOSTATE_IMMEDIATE_RETURN;
+
+	  /* since we got an immediate return, we must signal the event object ourselves */
+	  ASSERT (SetEvent (tt->writes.overlapped.hEvent));
+
+	  tt->writes.status = 0;
+
+	  dmsg (D_WIN32_IO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Write immediate return [%d,%d]",
+	       BLEN (&tt->writes.buf),
+	       (int) tt->writes.size);	       
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  err = GetLastError (); 
+	  if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING) /* operation queued? */
+	    {
+	      tt->writes.iostate = IOSTATE_QUEUED;
+	      tt->writes.status = err;
+	      dmsg (D_WIN32_IO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Write queued [%d]",
+		   BLEN (&tt->writes.buf));
+	    }
+	  else /* error occurred */
+	    {
+	      struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+	      ASSERT (SetEvent (tt->writes.overlapped.hEvent));
+	      tt->writes.iostate = IOSTATE_IMMEDIATE_RETURN;
+	      tt->writes.status = err;
+	      dmsg (D_WIN32_IO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Write error [%d] : %s",
+		   BLEN (&tt->writes.buf),
+		   strerror_win32 (err, &gc));
+	      gc_free (&gc);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  return tt->writes.iostate;
+}
+
+int
+tun_finalize (
+	      HANDLE h,
+	      struct overlapped_io *io,
+	      struct buffer *buf)
+{
+  int ret = -1;
+  BOOL status;
+
+  switch (io->iostate)
+    {
+    case IOSTATE_QUEUED:
+      status = GetOverlappedResult(
+				   h,
+				   &io->overlapped,
+				   &io->size,
+				   FALSE
+				   );
+      if (status)
+	{
+	  /* successful return for a queued operation */
+	  if (buf)
+	    *buf = io->buf;
+	  ret = io->size;
+	  io->iostate = IOSTATE_INITIAL;
+	  ASSERT (ResetEvent (io->overlapped.hEvent));
+	  dmsg (D_WIN32_IO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Completion success [%d]", ret);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* error during a queued operation */
+	  ret = -1;
+	  if (GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE)
+	    {
+	      /* if no error (i.e. just not finished yet),
+		 then DON'T execute this code */
+	      io->iostate = IOSTATE_INITIAL;
+	      ASSERT (ResetEvent (io->overlapped.hEvent));
+	      msg (D_WIN32_IO | M_ERRNO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Completion error");
+	    }
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case IOSTATE_IMMEDIATE_RETURN:
+      io->iostate = IOSTATE_INITIAL;
+      ASSERT (ResetEvent (io->overlapped.hEvent));
+      if (io->status)
+	{
+	  /* error return for a non-queued operation */
+	  SetLastError (io->status);
+	  ret = -1;
+	  msg (D_WIN32_IO | M_ERRNO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Completion non-queued error");
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* successful return for a non-queued operation */
+	  if (buf)
+	    *buf = io->buf;
+	  ret = io->size;
+	  dmsg (D_WIN32_IO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Completion non-queued success [%d]", ret);
+	}
+      break;
+
+    case IOSTATE_INITIAL: /* were we called without proper queueing? */
+      SetLastError (ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION);
+      ret = -1;
+      dmsg (D_WIN32_IO, "WIN32 I/O: TAP Completion BAD STATE");
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      ASSERT (0);
+    }
+
+  if (buf)
+    buf->len = ret;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+const struct tap_reg *
+get_tap_reg (struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  HKEY adapter_key;
+  LONG status;
+  DWORD len;
+  struct tap_reg *first = NULL;
+  struct tap_reg *last = NULL;
+  int i = 0;
+
+  status = RegOpenKeyEx(
+			HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+			ADAPTER_KEY,
+			0,
+			KEY_READ,
+			&adapter_key);
+
+  if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+    msg (M_FATAL, "Error opening registry key: %s", ADAPTER_KEY);
+
+  while (true)
+    {
+      char enum_name[256];
+      char unit_string[256];
+      HKEY unit_key;
+      char component_id_string[] = "ComponentId";
+      char component_id[256];
+      char net_cfg_instance_id_string[] = "NetCfgInstanceId";
+      char net_cfg_instance_id[256];
+      DWORD data_type;
+
+      len = sizeof (enum_name);
+      status = RegEnumKeyEx(
+			    adapter_key,
+			    i,
+			    enum_name,
+			    &len,
+			    NULL,
+			    NULL,
+			    NULL,
+			    NULL);
+      if (status == ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS)
+	break;
+      else if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+	msg (M_FATAL, "Error enumerating registry subkeys of key: %s",
+	     ADAPTER_KEY);
+
+      openvpn_snprintf (unit_string, sizeof(unit_string), "%s\\%s",
+			ADAPTER_KEY, enum_name);
+
+      status = RegOpenKeyEx(
+			    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+			    unit_string,
+			    0,
+			    KEY_READ,
+			    &unit_key);
+
+      if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+	dmsg (D_REGISTRY, "Error opening registry key: %s", unit_string);
+      else
+	{
+	  len = sizeof (component_id);
+	  status = RegQueryValueEx(
+				   unit_key,
+				   component_id_string,
+				   NULL,
+				   &data_type,
+				   component_id,
+				   &len);
+
+	  if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS || data_type != REG_SZ)
+	    dmsg (D_REGISTRY, "Error opening registry key: %s\\%s",
+		 unit_string, component_id_string);
+	  else
+	    {	      
+	      len = sizeof (net_cfg_instance_id);
+	      status = RegQueryValueEx(
+				       unit_key,
+				       net_cfg_instance_id_string,
+				       NULL,
+				       &data_type,
+				       net_cfg_instance_id,
+				       &len);
+
+	      if (status == ERROR_SUCCESS && data_type == REG_SZ)
+		{
+		  if (!strcmp (component_id, TAP_COMPONENT_ID))
+		    {
+		      struct tap_reg *reg;
+		      ALLOC_OBJ_CLEAR_GC (reg, struct tap_reg, gc);
+		      reg->guid = string_alloc (net_cfg_instance_id, gc);
+		      
+		      /* link into return list */
+		      if (!first)
+			first = reg;
+		      if (last)
+			last->next = reg;
+		      last = reg;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	  RegCloseKey (unit_key);
+	}
+      ++i;
+    }
+
+  RegCloseKey (adapter_key);
+  return first;
+}
+
+const struct panel_reg *
+get_panel_reg (struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  LONG status;
+  HKEY network_connections_key;
+  DWORD len;
+  struct panel_reg *first = NULL;
+  struct panel_reg *last = NULL;
+  int i = 0;
+
+  status = RegOpenKeyEx(
+			HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+			NETWORK_CONNECTIONS_KEY,
+			0,
+			KEY_READ,
+			&network_connections_key);
+
+  if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+    msg (M_FATAL, "Error opening registry key: %s", NETWORK_CONNECTIONS_KEY);
+
+  while (true)
+    {
+      char enum_name[256];
+      char connection_string[256];
+      HKEY connection_key;
+      char name_data[256];
+      DWORD name_type;
+      const char name_string[] = "Name";
+
+      len = sizeof (enum_name);
+      status = RegEnumKeyEx(
+			    network_connections_key,
+			    i,
+			    enum_name,
+			    &len,
+			    NULL,
+			    NULL,
+			    NULL,
+			    NULL);
+      if (status == ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS)
+	break;
+      else if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+	msg (M_FATAL, "Error enumerating registry subkeys of key: %s",
+	     NETWORK_CONNECTIONS_KEY);
+
+      openvpn_snprintf (connection_string, sizeof(connection_string),
+			"%s\\%s\\Connection",
+			NETWORK_CONNECTIONS_KEY, enum_name);
+
+      status = RegOpenKeyEx(
+			    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+			    connection_string,
+			    0,
+			    KEY_READ,
+			    &connection_key);
+
+      if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+	dmsg (D_REGISTRY, "Error opening registry key: %s", connection_string);
+      else
+	{
+	  len = sizeof (name_data);
+	  status = RegQueryValueEx(
+				   connection_key,
+				   name_string,
+				   NULL,
+				   &name_type,
+				   name_data,
+				   &len);
+
+	  if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS || name_type != REG_SZ)
+	    dmsg (D_REGISTRY, "Error opening registry key: %s\\%s\\%s",
+		 NETWORK_CONNECTIONS_KEY, connection_string, name_string);
+	  else
+	    {
+	      struct panel_reg *reg;
+
+	      ALLOC_OBJ_CLEAR_GC (reg, struct panel_reg, gc);
+	      reg->name = string_alloc (name_data, gc);
+	      reg->guid = string_alloc (enum_name, gc);
+		      
+	      /* link into return list */
+	      if (!first)
+		first = reg;
+	      if (last)
+		last->next = reg;
+	      last = reg;
+	    }
+	  RegCloseKey (connection_key);
+	}
+      ++i;
+    }
+
+  RegCloseKey (network_connections_key);
+
+  return first;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that two addresses are part of the same 255.255.255.252 subnet.
+ */
+void
+verify_255_255_255_252 (in_addr_t local, in_addr_t remote)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  const unsigned int mask = 3;
+  const char *err = NULL;
+
+  if (local == remote)
+    {
+      err = "must be different";
+      goto error;
+    }
+  if ((local & (~mask)) != (remote & (~mask)))
+    {
+      err = "must exist within the same 255.255.255.252 subnet.  This is a limitation of --dev tun when used with the TAP-WIN32 driver";
+      goto error;
+    }
+  if ((local & mask) == 0
+      || (local & mask) == 3
+      || (remote & mask) == 0
+      || (remote & mask) == 3)
+    {
+      err = "cannot use the first or last address within a given 255.255.255.252 subnet.  This is a limitation of --dev tun when used with the TAP-WIN32 driver";
+      goto error;
+    }
+
+  gc_free (&gc);
+  return;
+
+ error:
+  msg (M_FATAL, "There is a problem in your selection of --ifconfig endpoints [local=%s, remote=%s].  The local and remote VPN endpoints %s.  Try '" PACKAGE " --show-valid-subnets' option for more info.",
+       print_in_addr_t (local, 0, &gc),
+       print_in_addr_t (remote, 0, &gc),
+       err);
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+void show_valid_win32_tun_subnets (void)
+{
+  int i;
+  int col = 0;
+
+  printf ("On Windows, point-to-point IP support (i.e. --dev tun)\n");
+  printf ("is emulated by the TAP-Win32 driver.  The major limitation\n");
+  printf ("imposed by this approach is that the --ifconfig local and\n");
+  printf ("remote endpoints must be part of the same 255.255.255.252\n");
+  printf ("subnet.  The following list shows examples of endpoint\n");
+  printf ("pairs which satisfy this requirement.  Only the final\n");
+  printf ("component of the IP address pairs is at issue.\n\n");
+  printf ("As an example, the following option would be correct:\n");
+  printf ("    --ifconfig 10.7.0.5 10.7.0.6 (on host A)\n");
+  printf ("    --ifconfig 10.7.0.6 10.7.0.5 (on host B)\n");
+  printf ("because [5,6] is part of the below list.\n\n");
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; i += 4)
+    {
+      printf("[%3d,%3d] ", i+1, i+2);
+      if (++col > 4)
+	{
+	  col = 0;
+	  printf ("\n");
+	}
+    }
+  if (col)
+    printf ("\n");
+}
+
+void
+show_tap_win32_adapters (int msglev, int warnlev)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+
+  bool warn_panel_null = false;
+  bool warn_panel_dup = false;
+  bool warn_tap_dup = false;
+
+  int links;
+
+  const struct tap_reg *tr;
+  const struct tap_reg *tr1;
+  const struct panel_reg *pr;
+
+  const struct tap_reg *tap_reg = get_tap_reg (&gc);
+  const struct panel_reg *panel_reg = get_panel_reg (&gc);
+
+  msg (msglev, "Available TAP-WIN32 adapters [name, GUID]:");
+
+  /* loop through each TAP-Win32 adapter registry entry */
+  for (tr = tap_reg; tr != NULL; tr = tr->next)
+    {
+      links = 0;
+
+      /* loop through each network connections entry in the control panel */
+      for (pr = panel_reg; pr != NULL; pr = pr->next)
+	{
+	  if (!strcmp (tr->guid, pr->guid))
+	    {
+	      msg (msglev, "'%s' %s", pr->name, tr->guid);
+	      ++links;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      if (links > 1)
+	{
+	  warn_panel_dup = true;
+	}
+      else if (links == 0)
+	{
+	  /* a TAP adapter exists without a link from the network
+	     connections control panel */
+	  warn_panel_null = true;
+	  msg (msglev, "[NULL] %s", tr->guid);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* check for TAP-Win32 adapter duplicated GUIDs */
+  for (tr = tap_reg; tr != NULL; tr = tr->next)
+    {
+      for (tr1 = tap_reg; tr1 != NULL; tr1 = tr1->next)
+	{
+	  if (tr != tr1 && !strcmp (tr->guid, tr1->guid))
+	    warn_tap_dup = true;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* warn on registry inconsistencies */
+  if (warn_tap_dup)
+    msg (warnlev, "WARNING: Some TAP-Win32 adapters have duplicate GUIDs");
+
+  if (warn_panel_dup)
+    msg (warnlev, "WARNING: Some TAP-Win32 adapters have duplicate links from the Network Connections control panel");
+
+  if (warn_panel_null)
+    msg (warnlev, "WARNING: Some TAP-Win32 adapters have no link from the Network Connections control panel");
+
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Confirm that GUID is a TAP-Win32 adapter.
+ */
+static bool
+is_tap_win32 (const char *guid, const struct tap_reg *tap_reg)
+{
+  const struct tap_reg *tr;
+
+  for (tr = tap_reg; tr != NULL; tr = tr->next)
+    {
+      if (guid && !strcmp (tr->guid, guid))
+	return true;
+    }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+static const char *
+guid_to_name (const char *guid, const struct panel_reg *panel_reg)
+{
+  const struct panel_reg *pr;
+
+  for (pr = panel_reg; pr != NULL; pr = pr->next)
+    {
+      if (guid && !strcmp (pr->guid, guid))
+	return pr->name;
+    }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *
+name_to_guid (const char *name, const struct tap_reg *tap_reg, const struct panel_reg *panel_reg)
+{
+  const struct panel_reg *pr;
+
+  for (pr = panel_reg; pr != NULL; pr = pr->next)
+    {
+      if (name && !strcmp (pr->name, name) && is_tap_win32 (pr->guid, tap_reg))
+	return pr->guid;
+    }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+at_least_one_tap_win32 (const struct tap_reg *tap_reg)
+{
+  if (!tap_reg)
+    msg (M_FATAL, "There are no TAP-Win32 adapters on this system.  You should be able to create a TAP-Win32 adapter by going to Start -> All Programs -> " PACKAGE_NAME " -> Add a new TAP-Win32 virtual ethernet adapter.");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get an adapter GUID and optional actual_name from the 
+ * registry for the TAP device # = device_number.
+ */
+static const char *
+get_unspecified_device_guid (const int device_number,
+		             char *actual_name,
+		             int actual_name_size,
+			     const struct tap_reg *tap_reg_src,
+			     const struct panel_reg *panel_reg_src,
+		             struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  const struct tap_reg *tap_reg = tap_reg_src;
+  struct buffer ret = clear_buf ();
+  struct buffer actual = clear_buf ();
+  int i;
+
+  ASSERT (device_number >= 0);
+
+  /* Make sure we have at least one TAP adapter */
+  if (!tap_reg)
+    return NULL;
+
+  /* The actual_name output buffer may be NULL */
+  if (actual_name)
+    {
+      ASSERT (actual_name_size > 0);
+      buf_set_write (&actual, actual_name, actual_name_size);
+    }
+
+  /* Move on to specified device number */
+  for (i = 0; i < device_number; i++)
+    {
+      tap_reg = tap_reg->next;
+      if (!tap_reg)
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+  /* Save Network Panel name (if exists) in actual_name */
+  if (actual_name)
+    {
+      const char *act = guid_to_name (tap_reg->guid, panel_reg_src);
+      if (act)
+	buf_printf (&actual, "%s", act);
+      else
+	buf_printf (&actual, "NULL");
+    }
+
+  /* Save GUID for return value */
+  ret = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+  buf_printf (&ret, "%s", tap_reg->guid);
+  return BSTR (&ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lookup a --dev-node adapter name in the registry
+ * returning the GUID and optional actual_name.
+ */
+static const char *
+get_device_guid (const char *name,
+		 char *actual_name,
+		 int actual_name_size,
+		 const struct tap_reg *tap_reg,
+		 const struct panel_reg *panel_reg,
+		 struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct buffer ret = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+  struct buffer actual = clear_buf ();
+
+  /* Make sure we have at least one TAP adapter */
+  if (!tap_reg)
+    return NULL;
+
+  /* The actual_name output buffer may be NULL */
+  if (actual_name)
+    {
+      ASSERT (actual_name_size > 0);
+      buf_set_write (&actual, actual_name, actual_name_size);
+    }
+
+  /* Check if GUID was explicitly specified as --dev-node parameter */
+  if (is_tap_win32 (name, tap_reg))
+    {
+      const char *act = guid_to_name (name, panel_reg);
+      buf_printf (&ret, "%s", name);
+      if (act)
+	buf_printf (&actual, "%s", act);
+      else
+	buf_printf (&actual, "NULL");
+      return BSTR (&ret);
+    }
+
+  /* Lookup TAP adapter in network connections list */
+  {
+    const char *guid = name_to_guid (name, tap_reg, panel_reg);
+    if (guid)
+      {
+	buf_printf (&actual, "%s", name);
+	buf_printf (&ret, "%s", guid);
+	return BSTR (&ret);
+      }
+  }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a TAP name for netsh commands.
+ */
+const char *
+get_netsh_id (const char *dev_node, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  const struct tap_reg *tap_reg = get_tap_reg (gc);
+  const struct panel_reg *panel_reg = get_panel_reg (gc);
+  struct buffer actual = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+  const char *guid;
+
+  at_least_one_tap_win32 (tap_reg);
+
+  if (dev_node)
+    {
+      guid = get_device_guid (dev_node, BPTR (&actual), BCAP (&actual), tap_reg, panel_reg, gc);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      guid = get_unspecified_device_guid (0, BPTR (&actual), BCAP (&actual), tap_reg, panel_reg, gc);
+
+      if (get_unspecified_device_guid (1, NULL, 0, tap_reg, panel_reg, gc)) /* ambiguous if more than one TAP-Win32 adapter */
+	guid = NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (!guid)
+    return "NULL";         /* not found */
+  else if (strcmp (BPTR (&actual), "NULL"))
+    return BPTR (&actual); /* control panel name */
+  else
+    return guid;           /* no control panel name, return GUID instead */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get adapter info list
+ */
+const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *
+get_adapter_info_list (struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  ULONG size = 0;
+  IP_ADAPTER_INFO *pi = NULL;
+  DWORD status;
+
+  if ((status = GetAdaptersInfo (NULL, &size)) != ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
+    {
+      msg (M_INFO, "GetAdaptersInfo #1 failed (status=%u) : %s",
+	   (unsigned int)status,
+	   strerror_win32 (status, gc));
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      pi = (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO) gc_malloc (size, false, gc);
+      if ((status = GetAdaptersInfo (pi, &size)) == NO_ERROR)
+	return pi;
+      else
+	{
+	  msg (M_INFO, "GetAdaptersInfo #2 failed (status=%u) : %s",
+	       (unsigned int)status,
+	       strerror_win32 (status, gc));
+	}
+    }
+  return pi;
+}
+
+static const IP_INTERFACE_INFO *
+get_interface_info_list (struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  ULONG size = 0;
+  IP_INTERFACE_INFO *ii = NULL;
+  DWORD status;
+
+  if ((status = GetInterfaceInfo (NULL, &size)) != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+    {
+      msg (M_INFO, "GetInterfaceInfo #1 failed (status=%u) : %s",
+	   (unsigned int)status,
+	   strerror_win32 (status, gc));
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      ii = (PIP_INTERFACE_INFO) gc_malloc (size, false, gc);
+      if ((status = GetInterfaceInfo (ii, &size)) == NO_ERROR)
+	return ii;
+      else
+	{
+	  msg (M_INFO, "GetInterfaceInfo #2 failed (status=%u) : %s",
+	       (unsigned int)status,
+	       strerror_win32 (status, gc));
+	}
+    }
+  return ii;
+}
+
+static const IP_ADAPTER_INDEX_MAP *
+get_interface_info (DWORD index, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  const IP_INTERFACE_INFO *list = get_interface_info_list (gc);
+  if (list)
+    {
+      int i;
+      for (i = 0; i < list->NumAdapters; ++i)
+	{
+	  const IP_ADAPTER_INDEX_MAP *inter = &list->Adapter[i];
+	  if (index == inter->Index)
+	    return inter;
+	}
+    }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given an adapter index, return a pointer to the
+ * IP_ADAPTER_INFO structure for that adapter.
+ */
+
+static const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *
+get_adapter (const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *ai, DWORD index)
+{
+  if (ai && index != (DWORD)~0)
+    {
+      const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *a;
+
+      /* find index in the linked list */
+      for (a = ai; a != NULL; a = a->Next)
+	{
+	  if (a->Index == index)
+	    return a;
+	}
+    }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *
+get_adapter_info (DWORD index, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  return get_adapter (get_adapter_info_list (gc), index);
+}
+
+static int
+get_adapter_n_ip_netmask (const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *ai)
+{
+  if (ai)
+    {
+      int n = 0;
+      const IP_ADDR_STRING *ip = &ai->IpAddressList;
+
+      while (ip)
+	{
+	  ++n;
+	  ip = ip->Next;
+	}
+      return n;
+    }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static bool
+get_adapter_ip_netmask (const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *ai, const int n, in_addr_t *ip, in_addr_t *netmask)
+{
+  bool ret = false;
+  *ip = 0;
+  *netmask = 0;
+
+  if (ai)
+    {
+      const IP_ADDR_STRING *iplist = &ai->IpAddressList;
+      int i = 0;
+
+      while (iplist)
+	{
+	  if (i == n)
+	    break;
+	  ++i;
+	  iplist = iplist->Next;
+	}
+
+      if (iplist)
+	{
+	  const unsigned int getaddr_flags = GETADDR_HOST_ORDER;
+	  const char *ip_str = iplist->IpAddress.String;
+	  const char *netmask_str = iplist->IpMask.String;
+	  bool succeed1 = false;
+	  bool succeed2 = false;
+
+	  if (ip_str && netmask_str && strlen (ip_str) && strlen (netmask_str))
+	    {
+	      *ip = getaddr (getaddr_flags, ip_str, 0, &succeed1, NULL);
+	      *netmask = getaddr (getaddr_flags, netmask_str, 0, &succeed2, NULL);
+	      ret = (succeed1 == true && succeed2 == true);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *
+get_tun_adapter (const struct tuntap *tt, const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *list)
+{
+  if (list && tt)
+    return get_adapter (list, tt->adapter_index);
+  else
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+bool
+is_adapter_up (const struct tuntap *tt, const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *list)
+{
+  int i;
+  bool ret = false;
+
+  const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *ai = get_tun_adapter (tt, list);
+
+  if (ai)
+    {
+      const int n = get_adapter_n_ip_netmask (ai);
+
+      /* loop once for every IP/netmask assigned to adapter */
+      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+	{
+	  in_addr_t ip, netmask;
+	  if (get_adapter_ip_netmask (ai, i, &ip, &netmask))
+	    {
+	      if (tt->local && tt->adapter_netmask)
+		{
+		  /* wait for our --ifconfig parms to match the actual adapter parms */
+		  if (tt->local == ip && tt->adapter_netmask == netmask)
+		    ret = true;
+		}
+	      else
+		{
+		  /* --ifconfig was not defined, maybe using a real DHCP server */
+		  if (ip && netmask)
+		    ret = true;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    ret = true; /* this can occur when TAP adapter is bridged */
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+bool
+is_ip_in_adapter_subnet (const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *ai, const in_addr_t ip, in_addr_t *highest_netmask)
+{
+  int i;
+  bool ret = false;
+
+  if (highest_netmask)
+    *highest_netmask = 0;
+
+  if (ai)
+    {
+      const int n = get_adapter_n_ip_netmask (ai);
+      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+	{
+	  in_addr_t adapter_ip, adapter_netmask;
+	  if (get_adapter_ip_netmask (ai, i, &adapter_ip, &adapter_netmask))
+	    {
+	      if (adapter_ip && adapter_netmask && (ip & adapter_netmask) == (adapter_ip & adapter_netmask))
+		{
+		  if (highest_netmask && adapter_netmask > *highest_netmask)
+		    *highest_netmask = adapter_netmask;
+		  ret = true;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+DWORD
+adapter_index_of_ip (const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *list, const in_addr_t ip, int *count)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  DWORD ret = ~0;
+  in_addr_t highest_netmask = 0;
+  bool first = true;
+
+  if (count)
+    *count = 0;
+
+  while (list)
+    {
+      in_addr_t hn;
+
+      if (is_ip_in_adapter_subnet (list, ip, &hn))
+	{
+	  if (first || hn > highest_netmask)
+	    {
+	      highest_netmask = hn;
+	      if (count)
+		*count = 1;
+	      ret = list->Index;
+	      first = false;
+	    }
+	  else if (hn == highest_netmask)
+	    {
+	      if (count)
+		++*count;
+	    }
+	}
+      list = list->Next;
+    }
+
+  dmsg (D_ROUTE_DEBUG, "DEBUG: IP Locate: ip=%s nm=%s index=%d count=%d",
+       print_in_addr_t (ip, 0, &gc),
+       print_in_addr_t (highest_netmask, 0, &gc),
+       (int)ret,
+       count ? *count : -1);
+
+  if (ret == ~0 && count)
+    *count = 0;
+
+  gc_free (&gc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given an adapter index, return true if the adapter
+ * is DHCP disabled.
+ */
+static bool
+dhcp_disabled (DWORD index)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *ai = get_adapter_info (index, &gc);
+  bool ret = false;
+
+  if (ai && !ai->DhcpEnabled)
+    ret = true;
+
+  gc_free (&gc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Delete all temporary address/netmask pairs which were added
+ * to adapter (given by index) by previous calls to AddIPAddress.
+ */
+static void
+delete_temp_addresses (DWORD index)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *a = get_adapter_info (index, &gc);
+
+  if (a)
+    {
+      const IP_ADDR_STRING *ip = &a->IpAddressList;
+      while (ip)
+	{
+	  DWORD status;
+	  const DWORD context = ip->Context;
+
+	  if ((status = DeleteIPAddress ((ULONG) context)) == NO_ERROR)
+	    {
+	      msg (M_INFO, "Successfully deleted previously set dynamic IP/netmask: %s/%s",
+		   ip->IpAddress.String,
+		   ip->IpMask.String);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      const char *empty = "0.0.0.0";
+	      if (strcmp (ip->IpAddress.String, empty)
+		  || strcmp (ip->IpMask.String, empty))
+		msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: could not delete previously set dynamic IP/netmask: %s/%s (status=%u)",
+		     ip->IpAddress.String,
+		     ip->IpMask.String,
+		     (unsigned int)status);
+	    }
+	  ip = ip->Next;
+	}
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get interface index for use with IP Helper API functions.
+ */
+static DWORD
+get_interface_index (const char *guid)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  ULONG index;
+  DWORD status;
+  wchar_t wbuf[256];
+  snwprintf (wbuf, SIZE (wbuf), L"\\DEVICE\\TCPIP_%S", guid);
+  wbuf [SIZE(wbuf) - 1] = 0;
+  if ((status = GetAdapterIndex (wbuf, &index)) != NO_ERROR)
+    {
+      msg (M_INFO, "NOTE: could not get adapter index for %S, status=%u : %s",
+	   wbuf,
+	   (unsigned int)status,
+	   strerror_win32 (status, &gc));
+      gc_free (&gc);
+      return (DWORD)~0;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      gc_free (&gc);
+      return index;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a string representing a PIP_ADDR_STRING
+ */
+static const char *
+format_ip_addr_string (const IP_ADDR_STRING *ip, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct buffer out = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+  while (ip)
+    {
+      buf_printf (&out, "%s", ip->IpAddress.String);
+      if (strlen (ip->IpMask.String))
+	{
+	  buf_printf (&out, "/");
+	  buf_printf (&out, "%s", ip->IpMask.String);
+	}
+      buf_printf (&out, " ");
+      ip = ip->Next;
+    }
+  return BSTR (&out);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Show info for a single adapter
+ */
+static void
+show_adapter (int msglev, const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *a, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  msg (msglev, "%s", a->Description);
+  msg (msglev, "  Index = %d", (int)a->Index);
+  msg (msglev, "  GUID = %s", a->AdapterName);
+  msg (msglev, "  IP = %s", format_ip_addr_string (&a->IpAddressList, gc));
+  msg (msglev, "  MAC = %s", format_hex_ex (a->Address, a->AddressLength, 0, 1, ":", gc));
+  msg (msglev, "  GATEWAY = %s", format_ip_addr_string (&a->GatewayList, gc));
+  if (a->DhcpEnabled)
+    {
+      msg (msglev, "  DHCP SERV = %s", format_ip_addr_string (&a->DhcpServer, gc));
+      msg (msglev, "  DHCP LEASE OBTAINED = %s", time_string (a->LeaseObtained, 0, false, gc));
+      msg (msglev, "  DHCP LEASE EXPIRES  = %s", time_string (a->LeaseExpires, 0, false, gc));
+    }
+  if (a->HaveWins)
+    {
+      msg (msglev, "  PRI WINS = %s", format_ip_addr_string (&a->PrimaryWinsServer, gc));
+      msg (msglev, "  SEC WINS = %s", format_ip_addr_string (&a->SecondaryWinsServer, gc));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Show current adapter list
+ */
+void
+show_adapters (int msglev)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *ai = get_adapter_info_list (&gc);
+
+  msg (msglev, "SYSTEM ADAPTER LIST");
+  if (ai)
+    {
+      const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *a;
+
+      /* find index in the linked list */
+      for (a = ai; a != NULL; a = a->Next)
+	{
+	  show_adapter (msglev, a, &gc);
+	}
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * DHCP release/renewal
+ */
+
+bool
+dhcp_release (const struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  bool ret = false;
+  if (tt && tt->options.ip_win32_type == IPW32_SET_DHCP_MASQ && tt->adapter_index != ~0)
+    {
+      const IP_ADAPTER_INDEX_MAP *inter = get_interface_info (tt->adapter_index, &gc);
+      if (inter)
+	{
+	  DWORD status = IpReleaseAddress ((IP_ADAPTER_INDEX_MAP *)inter);
+	  if (status == NO_ERROR)
+	    {
+	      msg (D_TUNTAP_INFO, "TAP: DHCP address released");
+	      ret = true;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    msg (M_WARN, "NOTE: Release of DHCP-assigned IP address lease on TAP-Win32 adapter failed: %s (code=%u)",
+		 strerror_win32 (status, &gc),
+		 (unsigned int)status);
+	}
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+bool
+dhcp_renew (const struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  bool ret = false;
+  if (tt && tt->options.ip_win32_type == IPW32_SET_DHCP_MASQ && tt->adapter_index != ~0)
+    {
+      const IP_ADAPTER_INDEX_MAP *inter = get_interface_info (tt->adapter_index, &gc);
+      if (inter)
+	{
+	  DWORD status = IpRenewAddress ((IP_ADAPTER_INDEX_MAP *)inter);
+	  if (status == NO_ERROR)
+	    {
+	      msg (D_TUNTAP_INFO, "TAP: DHCP address renewal succeeded");
+	      ret = true;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: Failed to renew DHCP IP address lease on TAP-Win32 adapter: %s (code=%u)",
+		 strerror_win32 (status, &gc),
+		 (unsigned int)status);
+	}
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert DHCP options from the command line / config file
+ * into a raw DHCP-format options string.
+ */
+
+static void
+write_dhcp_u8 (struct buffer *buf, const int type, const int data)
+{
+  if (!buf_safe (buf, 3))
+    msg (M_FATAL, "write_dhcp_u8: buffer overflow building DHCP options");
+  buf_write_u8 (buf, type);
+  buf_write_u8 (buf, 1);
+  buf_write_u8 (buf, data);
+}
+
+static void
+write_dhcp_u32_array (struct buffer *buf, const int type, const uint32_t *data, const unsigned int len)
+{
+  if (len > 0)
+    {
+      int i;
+      const int size = len * sizeof (uint32_t);
+
+      if (!buf_safe (buf, 2 + size))
+	msg (M_FATAL, "write_dhcp_u32_array: buffer overflow building DHCP options");
+      if (size < 1 || size > 255)
+	msg (M_FATAL, "write_dhcp_u32_array: size (%d) must be > 0 and <= 255", size);
+      buf_write_u8 (buf, type);
+      buf_write_u8 (buf, size);
+      for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+	buf_write_u32 (buf, data[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+write_dhcp_str (struct buffer *buf, const int type, const char *str)
+{
+  const int len = strlen (str);
+  if (!buf_safe (buf, 2 + len))
+    msg (M_FATAL, "write_dhcp_str: buffer overflow building DHCP options");
+  if (len < 1 || len > 255)
+    msg (M_FATAL, "write_dhcp_str: string '%s' must be > 0 bytes and <= 255 bytes", str);
+  buf_write_u8 (buf, type);
+  buf_write_u8 (buf, len);
+  buf_write (buf, str, len);
+}
+
+static void
+build_dhcp_options_string (struct buffer *buf, const struct tuntap_options *o)
+{
+  if (o->domain)
+    write_dhcp_str (buf, 15, o->domain);
+
+  if (o->netbios_scope)
+    write_dhcp_str (buf, 47, o->netbios_scope);
+
+  if (o->netbios_node_type)
+    write_dhcp_u8 (buf, 46, o->netbios_node_type);
+
+  write_dhcp_u32_array (buf, 6, (uint32_t*)o->dns, o->dns_len);
+  write_dhcp_u32_array (buf, 44, (uint32_t*)o->wins, o->wins_len);
+  write_dhcp_u32_array (buf, 42, (uint32_t*)o->ntp, o->ntp_len);
+  write_dhcp_u32_array (buf, 45, (uint32_t*)o->nbdd, o->nbdd_len);
+
+  /* the MS DHCP server option 'Disable Netbios-over-TCP/IP
+     is implemented as vendor option 001, value 002.
+     A value of 001 means 'leave NBT alone' which is the default */
+  if (o->disable_nbt)
+  {
+    buf_write_u8 (buf, 43);
+    buf_write_u8 (buf,  6);  /* total length field */
+    buf_write_u8 (buf,  0x001);
+    buf_write_u8 (buf,  4);  /* length of the vendor specified field */
+    buf_write_u32 (buf, 0x002);
+  }
+}
+
+void
+open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  char device_path[256];
+  const char *device_guid = NULL;
+  DWORD len;
+
+  /*netcmd_semaphore_lock ();*/
+
+  ipv6_support (ipv6, false, tt);
+
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_NULL)
+    {
+      open_null (tt);
+      gc_free (&gc);
+      return;
+    }
+  else if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TAP || tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+    {
+      ;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      msg (M_FATAL|M_NOPREFIX, "Unknown virtual device type: '%s'", dev);
+    }
+
+  /*
+   * Lookup the device name in the registry, using the --dev-node high level name.
+   */
+  {
+    const struct tap_reg *tap_reg = get_tap_reg (&gc);
+    const struct panel_reg *panel_reg = get_panel_reg (&gc);
+    char guid_buffer[256];
+
+    at_least_one_tap_win32 (tap_reg);
+
+    if (dev_node)
+      {
+        /* Get the device GUID for the device specified with --dev-node. */
+        device_guid = get_device_guid (dev_node, guid_buffer, sizeof (guid_buffer), tap_reg, panel_reg, &gc);
+
+	if (!device_guid)
+	    msg (M_FATAL, "TAP-Win32 adapter '%s' not found", dev_node);
+
+        /* Open Windows TAP-Win32 adapter */
+        openvpn_snprintf (device_path, sizeof(device_path), "%s%s%s",
+   		          USERMODEDEVICEDIR,
+		          device_guid,
+		          TAPSUFFIX);
+
+        tt->hand = CreateFile (
+			       device_path,
+			       GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+			       0, /* was: FILE_SHARE_READ */
+			       0,
+			       OPEN_EXISTING,
+			       FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
+			       0
+			       );
+
+        if (tt->hand == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+          msg (M_ERR, "CreateFile failed on TAP device: %s", device_path);
+      }
+    else 
+      {
+        int device_number = 0;
+
+        /* Try opening all TAP devices until we find one available */
+        while (true)
+          {
+            device_guid = get_unspecified_device_guid (device_number, 
+						       guid_buffer, 
+						       sizeof (guid_buffer),
+						       tap_reg,
+						       panel_reg,
+						       &gc);
+
+	    if (!device_guid)
+	      msg (M_FATAL, "All TAP-Win32 adapters on this system are currently in use.");
+
+            /* Open Windows TAP-Win32 adapter */
+            openvpn_snprintf (device_path, sizeof(device_path), "%s%s%s",
+       		  	      USERMODEDEVICEDIR,
+			      device_guid,
+			      TAPSUFFIX);
+
+            tt->hand = CreateFile (
+			 	   device_path,
+				   GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+				   0, /* was: FILE_SHARE_READ */
+				   0,
+				   OPEN_EXISTING,
+				   FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
+				   0
+				   );
+
+            if (tt->hand == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+              msg (D_TUNTAP_INFO, "CreateFile failed on TAP device: %s", device_path);
+            else
+              break;
+        
+            device_number++;
+          }
+      }
+
+    /* translate high-level device name into a device instance
+       GUID using the registry */
+    tt->actual_name = string_alloc (guid_buffer, NULL);
+  }
+
+  msg (M_INFO, "TAP-WIN32 device [%s] opened: %s", tt->actual_name, device_path);
+
+  /* get driver version info */
+  {
+    ULONG info[3];
+    CLEAR (info);
+    if (DeviceIoControl (tt->hand, TAP_IOCTL_GET_VERSION,
+			 &info, sizeof (info),
+			 &info, sizeof (info), &len, NULL))
+      {
+	msg (D_TUNTAP_INFO, "TAP-Win32 Driver Version %d.%d %s",
+	     (int) info[0],
+	     (int) info[1],
+	     (info[2] ? "(DEBUG)" : ""));
+
+      }
+    if ( !(info[0] > TAP_WIN32_MIN_MAJOR
+	   || (info[0] == TAP_WIN32_MIN_MAJOR && info[1] >= TAP_WIN32_MIN_MINOR)) )
+      msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR:  This version of " PACKAGE_NAME " requires a TAP-Win32 driver that is at least version %d.%d -- If you recently upgraded your " PACKAGE_NAME " distribution, a reboot is probably required at this point to get Windows to see the new driver.",
+	   TAP_WIN32_MIN_MAJOR,
+	   TAP_WIN32_MIN_MINOR);
+  }
+
+  /* get driver MTU */
+  {
+    ULONG mtu;
+    if (DeviceIoControl (tt->hand, TAP_IOCTL_GET_MTU,
+			 &mtu, sizeof (mtu),
+			 &mtu, sizeof (mtu), &len, NULL))
+      {
+	tt->post_open_mtu = (int) mtu;
+	msg (D_MTU_INFO, "TAP-Win32 MTU=%d", (int) mtu);
+      }
+  }
+
+  /* set point-to-point mode if TUN device */
+
+  if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+    {
+      in_addr_t ep[2];
+      ep[0] = htonl (tt->local);
+      ep[1] = htonl (tt->remote_netmask);
+      if (!tt->did_ifconfig_setup)
+	{
+	  msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: --dev tun also requires --ifconfig");
+	}
+      if (!DeviceIoControl (tt->hand, TAP_IOCTL_CONFIG_POINT_TO_POINT,
+			    ep, sizeof (ep),
+			    ep, sizeof (ep), &len, NULL))
+	msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: The TAP-Win32 driver rejected a DeviceIoControl call to set Point-to-Point mode, which is required for --dev tun");
+    }
+
+  /* should we tell the TAP-Win32 driver to masquerade as a DHCP server as a means
+     of setting the adapter address? */
+  if (tt->did_ifconfig_setup && tt->options.ip_win32_type == IPW32_SET_DHCP_MASQ)
+    {
+      uint32_t ep[4];
+
+      /* We will answer DHCP requests with a reply to set IP/subnet to these values */
+      ep[0] = htonl (tt->local);
+      ep[1] = htonl (tt->adapter_netmask);
+
+      /* At what IP address should the DHCP server masquerade at? */
+      if (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TUN)
+	{
+	  ep[2] = htonl (tt->remote_netmask);
+	  if (tt->options.dhcp_masq_custom_offset)
+	    msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: because you are using '--dev tun' mode, the '--ip-win32 dynamic [offset]' option is ignoring the offset parameter");
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  in_addr_t dsa; /* DHCP server addr */
+
+	  ASSERT (tt->type == DEV_TYPE_TAP);
+
+	  if (tt->options.dhcp_masq_offset < 0)
+	    dsa = (tt->local | (~tt->adapter_netmask)) + tt->options.dhcp_masq_offset;
+	  else
+	    dsa = (tt->local & tt->adapter_netmask) + tt->options.dhcp_masq_offset;
+
+	  if (dsa == tt->local)
+	    msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: There is a clash between the --ifconfig local address and the internal DHCP server address -- both are set to %s -- please use the --ip-win32 dynamic option to choose a different free address from the --ifconfig subnet for the internal DHCP server", print_in_addr_t (dsa, 0, &gc));
+
+	  if ((tt->local & tt->adapter_netmask) != (dsa & tt->adapter_netmask))
+	    msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: --tap-win32 dynamic [offset] : offset is outside of --ifconfig subnet");
+
+	  ep[2] = htonl (dsa);
+	}
+
+      /* lease time in seconds */
+      ep[3] = (uint32_t) tt->options.dhcp_lease_time;
+
+      ASSERT (ep[3] > 0);
+
+      if (!DeviceIoControl (tt->hand, TAP_IOCTL_CONFIG_DHCP_MASQ,
+			    ep, sizeof (ep),
+			    ep, sizeof (ep), &len, NULL))
+	msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: The TAP-Win32 driver rejected a DeviceIoControl call to set TAP_IOCTL_CONFIG_DHCP_MASQ mode");
+
+      msg (M_INFO, "Notified TAP-Win32 driver to set a DHCP IP/netmask of %s/%s on interface %s [DHCP-serv: %s, lease-time: %d]",
+	   print_in_addr_t (tt->local, 0, &gc),
+	   print_in_addr_t (tt->adapter_netmask, 0, &gc),
+	   device_guid,
+	   print_in_addr_t (ep[2], IA_NET_ORDER, &gc),
+	   ep[3]
+	   );
+
+      /* user-supplied DHCP options capability */
+      if (tt->options.dhcp_options)
+	{
+	  struct buffer buf = alloc_buf (256);
+	  build_dhcp_options_string (&buf, &tt->options);
+	  msg (D_DHCP_OPT, "DHCP option string: %s", format_hex (BPTR (&buf), BLEN (&buf), 0, &gc));
+	  if (!DeviceIoControl (tt->hand, TAP_IOCTL_CONFIG_DHCP_SET_OPT,
+				BPTR (&buf), BLEN (&buf),
+				BPTR (&buf), BLEN (&buf), &len, NULL))
+	    msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: The TAP-Win32 driver rejected a TAP_IOCTL_CONFIG_DHCP_SET_OPT DeviceIoControl call");
+	  free_buf (&buf);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* set driver media status to 'connected' */
+  {
+    ULONG status = TRUE;
+    if (!DeviceIoControl (tt->hand, TAP_IOCTL_SET_MEDIA_STATUS,
+			  &status, sizeof (status),
+			  &status, sizeof (status), &len, NULL))
+      msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: The TAP-Win32 driver rejected a TAP_IOCTL_SET_MEDIA_STATUS DeviceIoControl call.");
+  }
+
+  /* possible wait for adapter to come up */
+  {
+    int s = tt->options.tap_sleep;
+    if (s > 0)
+      {
+	msg (M_INFO, "Sleeping for %d seconds...", s);
+	openvpn_sleep (s);
+      }
+  }
+
+  /* possibly use IP Helper API to set IP address on adapter */
+  {
+    DWORD index = get_interface_index (device_guid);
+    tt->adapter_index = index;
+    
+    /* flush arp cache */
+    if (index != (DWORD)~0)
+      {
+	DWORD status;
+
+	if ((status = FlushIpNetTable (index)) == NO_ERROR)
+	  msg (M_INFO, "Successful ARP Flush on interface [%u] %s",
+	       (unsigned int)index,
+	       device_guid);
+	else
+	  msg (M_WARN, "NOTE: FlushIpNetTable failed on interface [%u] %s (status=%u) : %s",
+	       (unsigned int)index,
+	       device_guid,
+	       (unsigned int)status,
+	       strerror_win32 (status, &gc));
+      }
+
+    /*
+     * If the TAP-Win32 driver is masquerading as a DHCP server
+     * make sure the TCP/IP properties for the adapter are
+     * set correctly.
+     */
+    if (tt->did_ifconfig_setup && tt->options.ip_win32_type == IPW32_SET_DHCP_MASQ)
+      {
+	/* check dhcp enable status */
+	if (dhcp_disabled (index))
+	  msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: You have selected '--ip-win32 dynamic', which will not work unless the TAP-Win32 TCP/IP properties are set to 'Obtain an IP address automatically'");
+
+	/* force an explicit DHCP lease renewal on TAP adapter? */
+	if (tt->options.dhcp_pre_release)
+	  dhcp_release (tt);
+	if (tt->options.dhcp_renew)
+	  dhcp_renew (tt);
+      }
+
+    if (tt->did_ifconfig_setup && tt->options.ip_win32_type == IPW32_SET_IPAPI)
+      {
+	DWORD status;
+	const char *error_suffix = "I am having trouble using the Windows 'IP helper API' to automatically set the IP address -- consider using other --ip-win32 methods (not 'ipapi')";
+
+	/* couldn't get adapter index */
+	if (index == (DWORD)~0)
+	  {
+	    msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: unable to get adapter index for interface %s -- %s",
+		 device_guid,
+		 error_suffix);
+	  }
+
+	/* check dhcp enable status */
+	if (dhcp_disabled (index))
+	  msg (M_WARN, "NOTE: You have selected (explicitly or by default) '--ip-win32 ipapi', which has a better chance of working correctly if the TAP-Win32 TCP/IP properties are set to 'Obtain an IP address automatically'");
+
+	/* delete previously added IP addresses which were not
+	   correctly deleted */
+	delete_temp_addresses (index);
+
+	/* add a new IP address */
+	if ((status = AddIPAddress (htonl(tt->local),
+				    htonl(tt->adapter_netmask),
+				    index,
+				    &tt->ipapi_context,
+				    &tt->ipapi_instance)) == NO_ERROR)
+	  msg (M_INFO, "Succeeded in adding a temporary IP/netmask of %s/%s to interface %s using the Win32 IP Helper API",
+	       print_in_addr_t (tt->local, 0, &gc),
+	       print_in_addr_t (tt->adapter_netmask, 0, &gc),
+	       device_guid
+	       );
+	else
+	  msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: AddIPAddress %s/%s failed on interface %s, index=%d, status=%u (windows error: '%s') -- %s",
+	       print_in_addr_t (tt->local, 0, &gc),
+	       print_in_addr_t (tt->adapter_netmask, 0, &gc),
+	       device_guid,
+	       (int)index,
+	       (unsigned int)status,
+	       strerror_win32 (status, &gc),
+	       error_suffix);
+	tt->ipapi_context_defined = true;
+      }
+  }
+  /*netcmd_semaphore_release ();*/
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+const char *
+tap_win32_getinfo (const struct tuntap *tt, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  if (tt && tt->hand != NULL)
+    {
+      struct buffer out = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+      DWORD len;
+      if (DeviceIoControl (tt->hand, TAP_IOCTL_GET_INFO,
+			   BSTR (&out), BCAP (&out),
+			   BSTR (&out), BCAP (&out),
+			   &len, NULL))
+	{
+	  return BSTR (&out);
+	}
+    }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+void
+tun_show_debug (struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  if (tt && tt->hand != NULL)
+    {
+      struct buffer out = alloc_buf (1024);
+      DWORD len;
+      while (DeviceIoControl (tt->hand, TAP_IOCTL_GET_LOG_LINE,
+			      BSTR (&out), BCAP (&out),
+			      BSTR (&out), BCAP (&out),
+			      &len, NULL))
+	{
+	  msg (D_TAP_WIN32_DEBUG, "TAP-Win32: %s", BSTR (&out));
+	}
+      free_buf (&out);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+close_tun (struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+
+  if (tt)
+    {
+#if 1
+      if (tt->ipapi_context_defined)
+	{
+	  DWORD status;
+	  if ((status = DeleteIPAddress (tt->ipapi_context)) != NO_ERROR)
+	    {
+	      msg (M_WARN, "Warning: DeleteIPAddress[%u] failed on TAP-Win32 adapter, status=%u : %s",
+		   (unsigned int)tt->ipapi_context,
+		   (unsigned int)status,
+		   strerror_win32 (status, &gc));
+	    }
+	}
+#endif
+
+      if (tt->options.dhcp_release)
+	dhcp_release (tt);
+
+      if (tt->hand != NULL)
+	{
+	  dmsg (D_WIN32_IO_LOW, "Attempting CancelIO on TAP-Win32 adapter");
+	  if (!CancelIo (tt->hand))
+	    msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Warning: CancelIO failed on TAP-Win32 adapter");
+	}
+
+      dmsg (D_WIN32_IO_LOW, "Attempting close of overlapped read event on TAP-Win32 adapter");
+      overlapped_io_close (&tt->reads);
+
+      dmsg (D_WIN32_IO_LOW, "Attempting close of overlapped write event on TAP-Win32 adapter");
+      overlapped_io_close (&tt->writes);
+
+      if (tt->hand != NULL)
+	{
+	  dmsg (D_WIN32_IO_LOW, "Attempting CloseHandle on TAP-Win32 adapter");
+	  if (!CloseHandle (tt->hand))
+	    msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "Warning: CloseHandle failed on TAP-Win32 adapter");
+	}
+
+      if (tt->actual_name)
+	free (tt->actual_name);
+
+      clear_tuntap (tt);
+      free (tt);
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert --ip-win32 constants between index and ascii form.
+ */
+
+struct ipset_names {
+  const char *short_form;
+};
+
+/* Indexed by IPW32_SET_x */
+static const struct ipset_names ipset_names[] = {
+  {"manual"},
+  {"netsh"},
+  {"ipapi"},
+  {"dynamic"}
+};
+
+int
+ascii2ipset (const char* name)
+{
+  int i;
+  ASSERT (IPW32_SET_N == SIZE (ipset_names));
+  for (i = 0; i < IPW32_SET_N; ++i)
+    if (!strcmp (name, ipset_names[i].short_form))
+      return i;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+const char *
+ipset2ascii (int index)
+{
+  ASSERT (IPW32_SET_N == SIZE (ipset_names));
+  if (index < 0 || index >= IPW32_SET_N)
+    return "[unknown --ip-win32 type]";
+  else
+    return ipset_names[index].short_form;
+}
+
+const char *
+ipset2ascii_all (struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct buffer out = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+  int i;
+
+  ASSERT (IPW32_SET_N == SIZE (ipset_names));
+  for (i = 0; i < IPW32_SET_N; ++i)
+    {
+      if (i)
+	buf_printf(&out, " ");
+      buf_printf(&out, "[%s]", ipset2ascii(i));
+    }
+  return BSTR (&out);
+}
+
+#else /* generic */
+
+void
+open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node, bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+  open_tun_generic (dev, dev_type, dev_node, ipv6, false, true, tt);
+}
+
+void
+close_tun (struct tuntap* tt)
+{
+  if (tt)
+    {
+      close_tun_generic (tt);
+      free (tt);
+    }
+}
+
+int
+write_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  return write (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+int
+read_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  return read (tt->fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/openvpn/tun.c.flc b/openvpn/tun.c.flc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66cbb76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openvpn/tun.c.flc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
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(1 font-lock-keyword-face) (2 font-lock-type-face nil t) (font-lock-match-c-style-declaration-item-and-skip-to-next nil (if (match-end 2) (goto-char (match-end 2))) (1 (if (match-beginning 2) font-lock-function-name-face font-lock-variable-name-face) nil t))) ("\\(}\\)[ 	*]*\\sw" (font-lock-match-c-style-declaration-item-and-skip-to-next (goto-char (match-end 1)) nil (1 font-lock-type-face))) ("^\\(\\sw+\\)\\>\\([ 	*]+\\sw+\\>\\)*" (1 font-lock-type-face) (font-lock-match-c-style-declaration-item-and-skip-to-next (goto-char (or (match-beginning 2) (match-end 1))) nil (1 (if (match-beginning 2) font-lock-function-name-face font-lock-variable-name-face)))))) (quote (((font-lock-warning-face) 34876 34931 30626 30671 25283 25319) (font-lock-constant-face 50882 50887 50839 50844 50531 50536 50317 50322 45248 45255 45042 45057 44505 44529 43700 43714 28297 28315 27344 27362 26374 26392 22154 22169 21957 21973 2492 2499 2452 2465 2409 2421 2366 2378) (font-lock-function-name-face 87092 87100 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23494 23498 23427 23429 23270 23276 23183 23188 23161 23166 23144 23149 23114 23120 23027 23033 23004 23010 22814 22820 22532 22537 22176 22178 22149 22153 22139 22144 21952 21956 21909 21915 21775 21781 21555 21559 21381 21383 21268 21273 20930 20936 20892 20896 20712 20718 20670 20672 20237 20243 20199 20203 20019 20025 19977 19979 19626 19632 19118 19124 18890 18894 18710 18716 18668 18670 18286 18292 18248 18252 18068 18074 18026 18028 17676 17682 17483 17489 17003 17005 16930 16934 16822 16828 16667 16669 16464 16470 16417 16419 15805 15811 15767 15771 15602 15608 15560 15562 15205 15211 15164 15168 14895 14901 14802 14804 14585 14591 14315 14317 14214 14216 13879 13883 13829 13831 13824 13828 13775 13777 13610 13615 13560 13565 13519 13524 13455 13457 13420 13426 13396 13402 13390 13395 13317 13322 13292 13298 12896 12902 12890 12895 12861 12867 12855 12860 12828 12834 12746 12752 12526 12530 12432 12434 12364 12366 12109 12111 11389 11391 10690 10694 10640 10642 10635 10639 10586 10588 10451 10456 10401 10406 10360 10365 10267 10269 10182 10188 10145 10151 10111 10117 10087 10093 10060 10065 9936 9941 9867 9872 9817 9822 9772 9777 9746 9752 9622 9628 9572 9576 9350 9352 9133 9135 9113 9115 9068 9074 9043 9049 9002 9008 8996 9001 8973 8978 8894 8900 8850 8854 8659 8661 8654 8658 8486 8490 8354 8356 8332 8337 8296 8298 8244 8246 8198 8204 8173 8179 8127 8133 8121 8126 8083 8088 7658 7664 7131 7133 7070 7075 7009 7014 6977 6979 6972 6976 6497 6499 6180 6182 6116 6121 6063 6068 6008 6013 5962 5967 5930 5932 5906 5908 5633 5639 5524 5529 5494 5500 5363 5369 5266 5272 4960 4962 4933 4937 4647 4649 4626 4628 4555 4560 4521 4527 4456 4462 4203 4208 4196 4202 4028 4030 4023 4027 3969 3971 3926 3932 3857 3863 3272 3278 3199 3205 3141 3143 3093 3098 3055 3061 3029 3034 3003 3008 2982 2987 2951 2956 2828 2834 2808 2814 2797 2799 2769 2773 2738 2740 2672 2674 2630 2635 2611 2616 2585 2590 2545 2550 2507 2513 2473 2479 2447 2451 2429 2435 2404 2408 2386 2392 2361 2365 2312 2318 2286 2291 2269 2274 2239 2244 2213 2219 2204 2208 2180 2186 2135 2137 2130 2134 2107 2113 2063 2065 2058 2062 2035 2041 1991 1993 1965 1970 1948 1953 1870 1876 1861 1865 1820 1826 1802 1804 1786 1792 1772 1774 1721 1726 1699 1704 1682 1687 1635 1640 1615 1621 1609 1614 1590 1596 1557 1563) (font-lock-string-face 86625 86631 86596 86599 86287 86314 85924 85933 85911 85918 85898 85905 85884 85892 85503 85553 85395 85440 85229 85294 85093 85157 85011 85058 84909 84951 84601 84675 84290 84305 83154 83253 82899 82998 82366 82568 82189 82248 81955 82103 81488 81645 80962 81030 80844 80887 80473 80501 80253 80344 79895 79986 79663 79687 79177 79286 79054 79154 78686 78764 78303 78559 77827 77951 77089 77210 76893 76936 76610 76628 76239 76337 76130 76225 76090 76116 75937 75939 75925 75934 75829 75864 75536 75570 75213 75250 74802 74810 74624 74685 74167 74204 73750 73758 73597 73631 73015 73050 71341 71405 71237 71292 70871 70927 70758 70819 70364 70418 69942 70025 69850 69887 69228 69319 69145 69173 68458 68479 68197 68214 68107 68124 67981 68009 67885 67913 67801 67819 67690 67706 67664 67667 67599 67611 67523 67534 67476 67489 67429 67443 67391 67395 67190 67193 67137 67141 67110 67113 67019 67023 66536 66594 66392 66412 65933 66010 65817 65826 65651 65714 64552 64601 60006 60051 59714 59759 59324 59368 59036 59080 58624 58630 58557 58563 57742 57746 57710 57714 57501 57507 57456 57460 57406 57410 56507 56511 56404 56410 56359 56363 55135 55186 54984 55121 53878 53968 53735 53833 53636 53691 53270 53281 52991 53000 52614 52658 52189 52193 52150 52154 52078 52090 51978 52024 51917 51965 51856 51904 51786 51843 51721 51773 51651 51708 51580 51638 51506 51567 51432 51493 51357 51419 51286 51344 51046 51092 50905 51037 50678 50826 50395 50518 50285 50304 49448 49488 49136 49168 48884 48904 48729 48776 48429 48435 48175 48207 46952 46988 46638 46670 46422 46430 46294 46341 45934 45952 45847 45860 45665 45697 45190 45227 44957 45008 44766 44810 44436 44469 44053 44093 43360 43398 43044 43078 42715 42762 41666 41703 41367 41400 41055 41101 35959 35989 35786 35816 34358 34383 34288 34321 34230 34234 34184 34197 33611 33635 33494 33520 33389 33412 33058 33084 32930 32956 32670 32676 32478 32506 32378 32396 32213 32235 32186 32190 32125 32144 32029 32057 31884 31899 31791 31806 31509 31561 31396 31401 31360 31370 31316 31325 31196 31201 31160 31170 31115 31125 29406 29411 29399 29403 29355 29381 29265 29300 28332 28391 28085 28125 27963 28003 27861 27896 27387 27413 27295 27328 27044 27049 27022 27027 26851 26903 26323 26357 26184 26198 24768 24794 24617 24645 24496 24505 24328 24369 24241 24268 24082 24088 23993 24004 23658 23662 23082 23088 22605 22759 22461 22490 22394 22398 22227 22342 22197 22203 21993 22089 21803 21855 21177 21202 21109 21113 20972 21001 20754 20799 20483 20509 20415 20419 20279 20308 20061 20106 19799 19877 19711 19715 19666 19678 19398 19422 19330 19334 19160 19199 18752 18797 18572 18597 18504 18508 18328 18373 18110 18155 17849 17927 17761 17765 17716 17728 17569 17573 17523 17536 17043 17076 16976 16980 16866 16895 16707 16740 16643 16647 16508 16529 16085 16108 16017 16021 15847 15886 15644 15674 15490 15516 15424 15428 15247 15284 15132 15158 15066 15070 14937 14972 14771 14797 14706 14710 14626 14654 12630 12650 12561 12579 12471 12488 12394 12410 11733 11741 11618 11625 10710 10796 9607 9611 9498 9502 9458 9461 9452 9455 9401 9406 9279 9283 9239 9242 9233 9236 9183 9188 8874 8883 8713 8720 8629 8636 7707 7990 7191 7337 6575 6800 6250 6330 5686 5750 4999 5138 4685 4848 4247 4294 4055 4128 2514 2534 2480 2486 2436 2441 2393 2398 2167 2173 2095 2100 2023 2028 1523 1533 1502 1512 1482 1492 1464 1472 1444 1454 1424 1434 1407 1414 1385 1396 1357 1367 1325 1341) (font-lock-variable-name-face 87139 87142 87130 87133 87117 87119 87043 87046 87034 87037 87021 87023 86913 86915 86804 86806 86778 86782 86768 86776 86746 86754 86729 86732 86473 86474 86437 86440 86415 86417 86180 86185 85982 85983 85968 85972 85863 85874 85786 85796 84448 84449 84411 84413 84387 84389 84063 84066 84001 84003 83725 83728 83663 83665 83642 83644 81940 81952 80409 80410 79569 79572 77984 77987 77446 77448 76756 76758 74258 74271 73288 73299 73246 73255 73189 73196 72682 72693 72650 72661 72627 72629 72603 72605 72577 72581 72567 72575 72545 72553 72528 72531 71588 71589 71554 71557 71167 71170 71148 71151 71130 71134 71115 71118 70673 70677 70654 70655 70616 70619 70591 70595 70569 70573 70554 70557 70312 70316 70296 70300 70281 70284 69485 69487 69461 69463 68778 68780 68754 68756 68367 68369 68339 68345 67370 67372 67319 67325 66946 66949 66924 66926 66348 66352 66291 66293 66265 66269 66226 66231 65809 65814 65339 65341 64956 64958 64903 64907 64195 64197 64085 64100 64039 64041 64012 64017 64003 64005 63573 63588 63561 63571 63480 63481 63374 63375 63349 63364 63334 63336 62751 62758 62747 62749 62602 62603 62487 62488 62446 62448 62275 62277 62219 62234 61814 61825 61764 61770 61713 61726 61573 61574 61431 61438 61416 61418 61402 61403 61336 61340 61173 61174 61014 61016 60948 60963 60635 60650 60330 60331 60232 60234 60159 60179 59538 59540 59476 59493 58867 58869 58809 58824 58100 58104 58053 58059 58005 58014 57951 57958 57921 57923 57894 57902 57618 57622 57344 57347 56923 56929 56877 56880 56855 56857 56824 56833 56788 56795 56745 56761 56725 56736 56710 56714 56271 56274 55708 55709 55679 55685 55643 55646 55604 55611 55574 55576 55527 55540 55482 55493 55434 55450 55402 55413 55366 55379 54939 54946 54697 54699 54658 54667 54625 54632 54597 54601 54403 54405 54364 54373 54334 54338 54145 54147 54110 54117 54082 54086 54051 54055 52565 52574 52510 52517 52481 52483 52450 52453 52422 52424 52390 52395 52274 52276 52245 52252 52233 52239 51266 51269 51257 51258 50231 50234 50207 50211 50170 50172 50142 50148 50125 50130 49591 49594 48413 48424 48357 48366 48295 48312 48268 48277 47992 47993 47973 47977 47939 47944 47853 47855 47422 47425 45965 45984 45903 45929 45873 45885 45823 45842 45773 45784 45746 45755 45506 45507 45487 45491 45455 45460 45383 45385 43636 43639 43623 43626 43597 43599 43176 43178 41968 41971 41881 41884 41862 41864 41485 41487 40283 40286 40176 40183 40168 40170 40125 40130 39849 39851 39824 39828 39763 39766 39754 39757 39741 39743 39302 39305 39278 39280 39253 39257 39192 39195 39183 39186 39170 39172 39062 39064 38891 38892 38781 38783 38755 38759 38745 38753 38723 38731 38706 38709 38563 38566 38490 38504 38430 38433 38421 38424 38408 38410 38332 38335 38323 38326 38310 38312 38202 38204 37983 37984 37866 37868 37840 37844 37830 37838 37808 37816 37791 37794 37264 37277 36996 36998 36971 36975 36910 36913 36901 36904 36888 36890 36471 36474 36447 36449 36422 36426 36361 36364 36352 36355 36339 36341 36194 36197 36060 36062 35704 35708 35541 35543 35515 35519 35505 35513 35483 35491 35466 35469 34856 34867 34832 34842 34802 34816 34666 34667 34654 34658 34631 34634 34622 34625 34609 34611 34464 34468 34441 34444 34432 34435 34419 34421 34087 34099 34070 34076 34054 34056 34028 34030 33817 33819 33220 33223 33153 33155 30917 30926 30894 30909 30871 30878 30852 30855 30833 30836 30808 30811 30801 30806 30794 30799 30782 30784 30756 30760 30746 30754 30724 30732 30707 30710 30609 30618 30584 30598 30311 30314 30297 30299 30268 30272 30216 30226 30205 30208 30196 30199 30183 30185 29738 29741 29719 29723 29695 29698 29671 29673 29618 29628 29607 29610 29598 29601 29585 29587 29477 29479 29043 29045 29010 29022 28995 28999 28985 28993 28963 28971 28946 28949 28906 28919 28787 28789 28761 28765 28751 28759 28729 28737 28712 28715 28647 28649 28621 28625 28611 28619 28589 28597 28572 28575 27583 27589 27570 27576 27533 27546 27507 27520 26552 26565 26526 26539 26142 26146 25731 25734 25710 25712 25684 25688 25674 25682 25652 25660 25635 25638 25598 25606 25548 25558 25498 25508 25477 25488 25454 25464 25433 25441 25410 25420 25387 25397 25364 25374 25340 25351 25255 25275 25201 25220 25179 25191 25039 25041 23896 23897 23319 23331 23298 23305 23285 23287 23195 23203 23173 23181 23156 23159 23108 23113 23042 23044 22933 22947 22865 22870 22829 22835 21280 21287 21252 21257 20558 20572 19471 19484 18646 18659 17165 17179 16191 16205 14489 14511 14468 14480 14295 14312 13660 13672 13622 13640 13572 13595 13531 13545 13436 13438 13412 13414 13375 13382 13329 13335 13307 13309 12963 12968 12919 12926 12875 12880 12843 12845 10463 10481 10413 10436 10372 10386 10160 10162 10127 10129 10103 10105 10042 10055 10015 10027 9948 9976 9879 9898 9829 9837 9784 9787 9471 9476 9252 9257 9082 9085 9060 9062 9034 9041 9017 9019 8348 8349 8344 8345 8212 8215 8190 8192 8159 8163 8146 8150 8142 8144 7086 7101 7025 7039 6132 6142 6079 6088 6024 6034 5978 5990 5669 5670 5649 5651 5613 5627 5592 5597 5570 5576 5550 5554 5536 5540 5350 5357 5327 5332 4537 4539 4511 4515 4214 4242 3941 3943 3103 3105 3085 3090 3072 3074 3041 3049 3015 3023 2994 2997 2640 2646 2623 2626 2597 2605 2298 2306 2281 2284 1977 1985 1960 1963 1733 1743 1711 1719 1694 1697 1647 1653 1631 1633 1605 1607 1542 1556 1310 1315) (font-lock-builtin-face 87184 87189 86682 86686 84789 84794 84445 84447 40117 40124 40112 40116 38482 38489 38477 38481 37256 37263 37251 37255 34933 34938 34870 34875 34848 34855 34824 34831 34820 34822 34794 34801 34789 34793 30673 30678 30620 30625 30602 30608 30576 30583 30571 30575 30525 30530 30213 30215 30108 30113 29615 29617 29419 29424 28900 28905 28866 28871 28679 28683 28671 28676 28539 28543 28156 28161 27525 27532 27499 27506 27496 27498 26606 26611 26544 26551 26518 26525 26515 26517 25594 25596 25586 25591 25541 25547 25535 25539 25491 25497 25469 25476 25446 25453 25425 25432 25402 25409 25379 25386 25356 25363 25332 25339 25329 25331 25321 25326 25277 25282 25248 25254 25195 25200 25171 25178 25168 25170 25160 25165 23101 23107 22971 22976 22927 22932 22920 22925 22895 22899 22859 22864 22763 22768 22580 22584 21243 21250 21238 21242 20550 20557 20545 20549 19463 19470 19458 19462 18638 18645 18633 18637 17157 17164 17152 17156 16183 16190 16178 16182 16144 16149 15549 15553 14483 14488 14460 14467 14457 14459 14448 14453 14289 14294 13212 13217 12957 12962 9555 9560 9465 9470 9335 9340 9246 9251 5897 5902 5666 5668 3242 3247 3079 3084 1657 1662 1536 1541 1515 1522 1494 1501 1474 1481 1456 1463 1436 1443 1416 1423 1399 1406 1377 1384 1369 1374 1349 1356 1343 1347 1317 1324 1304 1309) (font-lock-comment-face 86687 86700 85802 85830 85681 85749 83536 83568 82687 82713 82573 82652 82291 82321 82107 82139 81650 81708 81413 81443 81164 81319 80701 80722 80542 80603 80354 80396 80021 80065 79469 79512 78802 78829 77989 78011 77624 77686 77460 77540 77222 77342 76657 76700 76397 76417 75606 75635 75367 75459 74997 75023 74701 74737 74286 74347 73952 73978 73653 73689 73380 73447 73067 73158 72718 72747 72419 72461 72333 72357 72071 72249 70129 70237 68682 68712 68537 68572 68279 68314 67248 67288 66781 66837 66151 66218 65135 65270 64814 64895 63194 63242 63045 63109 62874 62943 62644 62700 60785 60820 60516 60620 58771 58802 58719 58767 58660 58684 58573 58588 58461 58511 57807 57854 57545 57597 57215 57283 57034 57081 56949 56997 56554 56660 56422 56454 56171 56227 56012 56052 55831 55878 55746 55794 55192 55306 53992 54043 53559 53597 53306 53356 53136 53226 52799 52869 52664 52720 50006 50085 49766 49793 47558 47585 45059 45104 44833 44883 44647 44692 44232 44311 44121 44158 43851 43897 43125 43145 42912 42935 42531 42612 42435 42473 42143 42210 41981 42013 41434 41454 41237 41260 40824 40905 40779 40817 40482 40548 40295 40331 38905 38933 38134 38159 38059 38077 37280 37762 35618 35657 34940 35437 33757 33785 32241 32309 31915 31962 31584 31605 31430 31447 29425 29444 28872 28897 27437 27494 27101 27209 26929 26999 26619 26672 26404 26444 26207 26247 26083 26123 25916 25996 25739 25873 25561 25584 25511 25533 25221 25245 24813 24901 24718 24748 24382 24428 23695 23842 23511 23586 21659 21741 21291 21379 20581 20663 19888 19970 19493 19586 18901 19083 17937 18019 17188 17443 16214 16410 16150 16176 14816 14860 14513 14551 14137 14207 13946 13991 13897 13938 13686 13768 13340 13364 13221 13273 12760 12807 12282 12357 12029 12102 11838 11883 11465 11595 11318 11382 10811 10876 10497 10579 9978 10001 9909 9932 9840 9863 9795 9813 9645 9745 8917 8972 7996 8082 7529 7657 5391 5493 5203 5265 4938 4947 4297 4455 4134 4195 3287 3856 3251 3269 2844 2950 1088 1301 1 1086))))
diff --git a/openvpn/tun.h b/openvpn/tun.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76c4867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openvpn/tun.h
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+/*
+ *  OpenVPN -- An application to securely tunnel IP networks
+ *             over a single TCP/UDP port, with support for SSL/TLS-based
+ *             session authentication and key exchange,
+ *             packet encryption, packet authentication, and
+ *             packet compression.
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2002-2005 OpenVPN Solutions LLC <info@openvpn.net>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
+ *  as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program (see the file COPYING included with this
+ *  distribution); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ *  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef TUN_H
+#define TUN_H
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#include <winioctl.h>
+#include "tap-win32/common.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "error.h"
+#include "mtu.h"
+#include "win32.h"
+#include "event.h"
+#include "proto.h"
+#include "misc.h"
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+
+struct tuntap_options {
+  /* --ip-win32 options */
+  bool ip_win32_defined;
+
+# define IPW32_SET_MANUAL       0  /* "--ip-win32 manual" */
+# define IPW32_SET_NETSH        1  /* "--ip-win32 netsh" */
+# define IPW32_SET_IPAPI        2  /* "--ip-win32 ipapi" */
+# define IPW32_SET_DHCP_MASQ    3  /* "--ip-win32 dynamic" */
+# define IPW32_SET_N            4
+  int ip_win32_type;
+
+  /* --ip-win32 dynamic options */
+  bool dhcp_masq_custom_offset;
+  int dhcp_masq_offset;
+  int dhcp_lease_time;
+
+  /* --tap-sleep option */
+  int tap_sleep;
+
+  /* --dhcp-option options */
+
+  bool dhcp_options;
+
+  const char *domain;        /* DOMAIN (15) */
+
+  const char *netbios_scope; /* NBS (47) */
+
+  int netbios_node_type;     /* NBT 1,2,4,8 (46) */
+
+#define N_DHCP_ADDR 4        /* Max # of addresses allowed for
+			        DNS, WINS, etc. */
+
+  /* DNS (6) */
+  in_addr_t dns[N_DHCP_ADDR];
+  int dns_len;
+
+  /* WINS (44) */
+  in_addr_t wins[N_DHCP_ADDR];
+  int wins_len;
+
+  /* NTP (42) */
+  in_addr_t ntp[N_DHCP_ADDR];
+  int ntp_len;
+
+  /* NBDD (45) */
+  in_addr_t nbdd[N_DHCP_ADDR];
+  int nbdd_len;
+
+  /* DISABLE_NBT (43, Vendor option 001) */
+  bool disable_nbt;
+
+  bool dhcp_renew;
+  bool dhcp_pre_release;
+  bool dhcp_release;
+};
+
+#elif TARGET_LINUX
+
+struct tuntap_options {
+  int txqueuelen;
+};
+
+#else
+
+struct tuntap_options {
+  int dummy; /* not used */
+};
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Define a TUN/TAP dev.
+ */
+
+struct tuntap
+{
+# define TUNNEL_TYPE(tt) ((tt) ? ((tt)->type) : DEV_TYPE_UNDEF)
+  int type; /* DEV_TYPE_x as defined in proto.h */
+
+  bool did_ifconfig_setup;
+  bool did_ifconfig;
+
+  bool ipv6;
+
+  struct tuntap_options options; /* options set on command line */
+
+  char *actual_name; /* actual name of TUN/TAP dev, usually including unit number */
+
+  /* number of TX buffers */
+  int txqueuelen;
+
+  /* ifconfig parameters */
+  in_addr_t local;
+  in_addr_t remote_netmask;
+  in_addr_t broadcast;
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+  HANDLE hand;
+  struct overlapped_io reads;
+  struct overlapped_io writes;
+  struct rw_handle rw_handle;
+
+  /* used for setting interface address via IP Helper API
+     or DHCP masquerade */
+  bool ipapi_context_defined;
+  ULONG ipapi_context;
+  ULONG ipapi_instance;
+  in_addr_t adapter_netmask;
+
+  /* Windows adapter index for TAP-Win32 adapter,
+     ~0 if undefined */
+  DWORD adapter_index;
+#else
+  int fd;   /* file descriptor for TUN/TAP dev */
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TARGET_SOLARIS
+  int ip_fd;
+#endif
+
+  /* used for printing status info only */
+  unsigned int rwflags_debug;
+
+  /* Some TUN/TAP drivers like to be ioctled for mtu
+     after open */
+  int post_open_mtu;
+};
+
+static inline bool
+tuntap_defined (const struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  return tt && tt->hand != NULL;
+#else
+  return tt && tt->fd >= 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function prototypes
+ */
+
+void clear_tuntap (struct tuntap *tuntap);
+
+void open_tun (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node,
+	       bool ipv6, struct tuntap *tt);
+
+void close_tun (struct tuntap *tt);
+
+int write_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len);
+
+int read_tun (struct tuntap* tt, uint8_t *buf, int len);
+
+void tuncfg (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *dev_node,
+	     bool ipv6, int persist_mode);
+
+const char *guess_tuntap_dev (const char *dev,
+			      const char *dev_type,
+			      const char *dev_node,
+			      struct gc_arena *gc);
+
+struct tuntap *init_tun (const char *dev,       /* --dev option */
+			 const char *dev_type,  /* --dev-type option */
+			 const char *ifconfig_local_parm,          /* --ifconfig parm 1 */
+			 const char *ifconfig_remote_netmask_parm, /* --ifconfig parm 2 */
+			 in_addr_t local_public,
+			 in_addr_t remote_public,
+			 const bool strict_warn,
+			 struct env_set *es);
+
+void init_tun_post (struct tuntap *tt,
+		    const struct frame *frame,
+		    const struct tuntap_options *options);
+
+void do_ifconfig (struct tuntap *tt,
+		  const char *actual,    /* actual device name */
+		  int tun_mtu,
+		  const struct env_set *es);
+
+const char *dev_component_in_dev_node (const char *dev_node);
+
+bool is_dev_type (const char *dev, const char *dev_type, const char *match_type);
+int dev_type_enum (const char *dev, const char *dev_type);
+const char *dev_type_string (const char *dev, const char *dev_type);
+
+const char *ifconfig_options_string (const struct tuntap* tt, bool remote, bool disable, struct gc_arena *gc);
+
+/*
+ * Inline functions
+ */
+
+static inline void
+tun_adjust_frame_parameters (struct frame* frame, int size)
+{
+  frame_add_to_extra_tun (frame, size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Should ifconfig be called before or after
+ * tun dev open?
+ */
+
+#define IFCONFIG_BEFORE_TUN_OPEN 0
+#define IFCONFIG_AFTER_TUN_OPEN  1
+
+#define IFCONFIG_DEFAULT         IFCONFIG_AFTER_TUN_OPEN
+
+static inline int
+ifconfig_order(void)
+{
+#if defined(TARGET_LINUX)
+  return IFCONFIG_AFTER_TUN_OPEN;
+#elif defined(TARGET_SOLARIS)
+  return IFCONFIG_AFTER_TUN_OPEN;
+#elif defined(TARGET_OPENBSD)
+  return IFCONFIG_BEFORE_TUN_OPEN;
+#elif defined(TARGET_DARWIN)
+  return IFCONFIG_AFTER_TUN_OPEN;
+#elif defined(TARGET_NETBSD)
+  return IFCONFIG_AFTER_TUN_OPEN;
+#elif defined(WIN32)
+  return IFCONFIG_BEFORE_TUN_OPEN;
+#else
+  return IFCONFIG_DEFAULT;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+
+#define TUN_PASS_BUFFER
+
+struct tap_reg
+{
+  const char *guid;
+  struct tap_reg *next;
+};
+
+struct panel_reg
+{
+  const char *name;
+  const char *guid;
+  struct panel_reg *next;
+};
+
+int ascii2ipset (const char* name);
+const char *ipset2ascii (int index);
+const char *ipset2ascii_all (struct gc_arena *gc);
+
+void verify_255_255_255_252 (in_addr_t local, in_addr_t remote);
+
+const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *get_adapter_info_list (struct gc_arena *gc);
+const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *get_tun_adapter (const struct tuntap *tt, const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *list);
+bool is_adapter_up (const struct tuntap *tt, const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *list);
+bool is_ip_in_adapter_subnet (const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *ai, const in_addr_t ip, in_addr_t *highest_netmask);
+DWORD adapter_index_of_ip (const IP_ADAPTER_INFO *list, const in_addr_t ip, int *count);
+
+void show_tap_win32_adapters (int msglev, int warnlev);
+void show_adapters (int msglev);
+
+void show_valid_win32_tun_subnets (void);
+const char *tap_win32_getinfo (const struct tuntap *tt, struct gc_arena *gc);
+void tun_show_debug (struct tuntap *tt);
+
+bool dhcp_release (const struct tuntap *tt);
+bool dhcp_renew (const struct tuntap *tt);
+
+int tun_read_queue (struct tuntap *tt, int maxsize);
+int tun_write_queue (struct tuntap *tt, struct buffer *buf);
+int tun_finalize (HANDLE h, struct overlapped_io *io, struct buffer *buf);
+
+const char *get_netsh_id (const char *dev_node, struct gc_arena *gc);
+
+static inline bool
+tuntap_stop (int status)
+{
+  /*
+   * This corresponds to the STATUS_NO_SUCH_DEVICE
+   * error in tapdrvr.c.
+   */
+  if (status < 0)
+    {
+      return openvpn_errno () == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static inline int
+tun_write_win32 (struct tuntap *tt, struct buffer *buf)
+{
+  int err = 0;
+  int status = 0;
+  if (overlapped_io_active (&tt->writes))
+    {
+      status = tun_finalize (tt->hand, &tt->writes, NULL);
+      if (status < 0)
+	err = GetLastError ();
+    }
+  tun_write_queue (tt, buf);
+  if (status < 0)
+    {
+      SetLastError (err);
+      return status;
+    }
+  else
+    return BLEN (buf);
+}
+
+static inline int
+read_tun_buffered (struct tuntap *tt, struct buffer *buf, int maxsize)
+{
+  return tun_finalize (tt->hand, &tt->reads, buf);
+}
+
+static inline int
+write_tun_buffered (struct tuntap *tt, struct buffer *buf)
+{
+  return tun_write_win32 (tt, buf);
+}
+
+#else
+
+static inline bool
+tuntap_stop (int status)
+{
+  return false;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * TUN/TAP I/O wait functions
+ */
+
+static inline event_t
+tun_event_handle (const struct tuntap *tt)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  return &tt->rw_handle;
+#else
+  return tt->fd;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int
+tun_set (struct tuntap *tt,
+	 struct event_set *es,
+	 unsigned int rwflags,
+	 void *arg,
+	 unsigned int *persistent)
+{
+  if (tuntap_defined (tt))
+    {
+      /* if persistent is defined, call event_ctl only if rwflags has changed since last call */
+      if (!persistent || *persistent != rwflags)
+	{
+	  event_ctl (es, tun_event_handle (tt), rwflags, arg);
+	  if (persistent)
+	    *persistent = rwflags;
+	}
+#ifdef WIN32
+      if (rwflags & EVENT_READ)
+	tun_read_queue (tt, 0);
+#endif
+      tt->rwflags_debug = rwflags;
+    }
+  return rwflags;
+}
+
+const char *tun_stat (const struct tuntap *tt, unsigned int rwflags, struct gc_arena *gc);
+
+#endif /* TUN_H */
diff --git a/tunDevice.cpp b/tunDevice.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66cf395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tunDevice.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+#include "openvpn/tun.h"
+#include "tunDevice.h"
+
+
+TunDevice::TunDevice(string dev_name)
+{
+//  dev = init_tun(dev_name.c_str(), ... );
+  
+}
+
+TunDevice::~TunDevice()
+{
+  close_tun(dev);
+}
+
+int TunDevice::read(uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  return read_tun(dev, buf, len);
+}
+
+int TunDevice::write(uint8_t *buf, int len)
+{
+  return write_tun(dev, buf, len);
+}
diff --git a/tunDevice.h b/tunDevice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1386b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tunDevice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+#include "openvpn/tun.h"
+
+class TunDevice
+{
+public:
+  TunDevice(string dev_name);
+  ~TunDevice();
+  
+  int read(uint8_t *buf, int len);
+  int write(uint8_t *buf, int len);
+
+private:
+  void operator=(const TunDevice &src);
+  TunDevice(const TunDevice &src);
+
+  struct tuntap *dev_;
+}