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<tr><td class="header">Network Working Group</td><td class="header">O. Gsenger</td></tr>
<tr><td class="header">Internet-Draft</td><td class="header">March 2007</td></tr>
<tr><td class="header">Expires: September 2, 2007</td><td class="header"> </td></tr>
</table></td></tr></table>
<h1><br />secure anycast tunneling protocol (satp)<br />draft-gsenger-secure-anycast-tunneling-protocol-00</h1>
<h3>Status of this Memo</h3>
<p>
By submitting this Internet-Draft,
each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which
he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed,
and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed,
in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.</p>
<p>
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.
Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as
Internet-Drafts.</p>
<p>
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time.
It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite
them other than as “work in progress.”</p>
<p>
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
<a href='http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt'>http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt</a>.</p>
<p>
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
<a href='http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html'>http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html</a>.</p>
<p>
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 2, 2007.</p>
<h3>Copyright Notice</h3>
<p>
Copyright © The IETF Trust (2007).</p>
<h3>Abstract</h3>
<p>The secure anycast tunneling protocol (satp) defines a protocol used for communication between any combination of unicast and anycast tunnel endpoints. It allows tunneling of every ETHER TYPE protocol (e.g. ethernet, ip, arp ...). SATP directly includes cryptography and message authentication based on the methodes used by SRTP. It is intended to deliver a generic, scaleable and secure solution for tunneling and relaying of packets of any protocol.
</p>
<a name="anchor1"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.1"></a><h3>1.
Introduction</h3>
<p>SATP is somehow a mixture of an generic encapsulation protocol as <a class='info' href='#RFC2784'>GRE<span> (</span><span class='info'>Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D., and P. Traina, “Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE),” March 2000.</span><span>)</span></a> [1] and a secure tunneling protocol as <a class='info' href='#RFC2401'>IPsec<span> (</span><span class='info'>Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, “Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol,” November 1998.</span><span>)</span></a> [2] in tunnel mode. To save some header overhead it uses the encryption technices of <a class='info' href='#RFC3711'>SRTP<span> (</span><span class='info'>Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, “The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP),” March 2004.</span><span>)</span></a> [3]. It supports peer to peer tunnels, where tunnel endpoints can be any combination of unicast, multicast or anycast hosts, so it defines a <a class='info' href='#RFC1546'>Host Anycast Service<span> (</span><span class='info'>Partridge, C., Mendez, T., and W. Milliken, “Host Anycasting Service,” November 1993.</span><span>)</span></a> [4]
</p>
<a name="anchor2"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.2"></a><h3>2.
Motivation and usage scenarios</h3>
<p>This section gives an overview of possible usage scenarios. Please note, that the protocols used in the figures are only examples and that SATP itself does not care about either transport protocols or encapsulated protocols. Routing is not done by SATP and each implemetation MAY choose it's own way of doing this task (e.g. using functions provided by the operating system). SATP is used only to encapsulate and encrypt data.
</p>
<a name="anchor3"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.2.1"></a><h3>2.1.
Usage scenarions</h3>
<a name="anchor4"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.2.1.1"></a><h3>2.1.1.
tunneling from unicast hosts over anycast routers to other unicast hosts</h3>
<br /><hr class="insert" />
<a name="tunnel_mode"></a>
<p>An example of SATP used to tunnel in a unicast client - anycast server model
</p><div style='display: table; width: 0; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: auto'><pre>
--------- router -----------
/ \
unicast ------+---------- router ------------+------ unicast
host \ / host
--------- router -----------
unicast | encrypted | anycast | encrypted | unicast
tunnel | communication | tunnel | communication | tunnel
endpoint | using SATP | endpoint | using SATP | endpoint
</pre></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" align="center"><tr><td align="center"><font face="monaco, MS Sans Serif" size="1"><b> Figure 1 </b></font><br /></td></tr></table><hr class="insert" />
<p>In this scenario the payload gets encapsuleted into a SATP packet by a unicast host and gets transmitted to one of the anycast routers. It than gets decapsulated by the router. This router makes a routing descision based on the underlying protocol and transmits a new SATP package to one or more unicast hosts depending on the routing descition.
</p>
<a name="anchor5"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.2.1.2"></a><h3>2.1.2.
tunneling from unicast hosts to anycast networks</h3>
<br /><hr class="insert" />
<a name="open_tunnel_mode"></a>
<p>An example of SATP used to encrypt data between a unicast host and anycast networks
</p><div style='display: table; width: 0; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: auto'><pre>
-------Router -+---- DNS Server
/ \
/ --- 6to4 Router
/
unicast -------+----------Router --+--- DNS Server
host \ \
\ --- 6to4 Router
\
-------Router -+---- DNS Server
\
--- 6to4 Router
unicast | encrypted | anycast | plaintext
tunnel | communication | tunnel | anycast
endpoint | using SATP | endpoint | services
</pre></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" align="center"><tr><td align="center"><font face="monaco, MS Sans Serif" size="1"><b> Figure 2 </b></font><br /></td></tr></table><hr class="insert" />
<a name="anchor6"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.2.1.3"></a><h3>2.1.3.
redundant tunnel connection of 2 networks</h3>
<br /><hr class="insert" />
<a name="connect_networks"></a>
<p>An example of SATP used to connect 2 networks
</p><div style='display: table; width: 0; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: auto'><pre>
Router ----------- ---------------Router
/ \ / \
Network - Router ------------x Network
A \ / \ / B
Router ----------- ---------------Router
| packets | packets | packets |
plaintext | get | take a | get | plaintext
packets | de/encrypted | random | de/encrypted | packets
|de/encapsulated| path |de/encapsulated|
</pre></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" align="center"><tr><td align="center"><font face="monaco, MS Sans Serif" size="1"><b> Figure 3 </b></font><br /></td></tr></table><hr class="insert" />
<p>Network A has multible routers, that act as gateway/tunnel endpoint to another network B. This is done to build a redundant encrpted tunnel connection between the two networks. All tunnel endpoints of network A share the same anycast address and all tunnel endpoints of network B share another anycast address. When a packet from network a gets transmitted to network B, it first arrives on one of networks A border routers. Which router is used is determined by network A's internal routing. This router encapsulates the package and sends it to the anycast address of the network B routers. The SATP packet arrives at one of network B's routers and gets decapsulated and routed to it's destination within network B.
</p>
<a name="anchor7"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.2.2"></a><h3>2.2.
Encapsulation</h3>
<p>SATP does not depend an which lower layer protocols is used, but it's most likely used on top of ip or udp. This section should only discuss some issues on ip and udp in combination with anycasting and tunnels.
</p><br /><hr class="insert" />
<a name="transtort_udp"></a>
<p>Examples of SATP used with different lower layer and payload protocols
</p><div style='display: table; width: 0; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: auto'><pre>
+------+-----+-------------------------------+
| | | + ---------------+------ |
| IPv6 | UDP | SATP | Ethernet 802.3 | ... | |
| | | +----------------+-----+ |
+------+-----+-------------------------------+
Tunneling of Ethernet over UDP/IPv6
+------+-----+---------------------------+
| | | +------+-----+-----+ |
| IPv4 | UDP | SATP | IPv6 | UDP | RTP | |
| | | +------+-----+-----+ |
+------+-----+---------------------------+
Tunneling of IPv6 over UDP/IPv4 with RTP payload
+------+-------------------------------+
| | + ---------------+------ |
| IPv6 | SATP | Ethernet 802.3 | ... | |
| | +----------------+-----+ |
+------+-------------------------------+
Tunneling of Ethernet over IPv6
+------+---------------------------+
| | +------+-----+-----+ |
| IPv4 | SATP | IPv6 | UDP | RTP | |
| | +------+-----+-----+ |
+------+---------------------------+
Tunneling of IPv6 over IPv4 with RTP payload
</pre></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" align="center"><tr><td align="center"><font face="monaco, MS Sans Serif" size="1"><b> Figure 4 </b></font><br /></td></tr></table><hr class="insert" />
<p>When using UDP no flow controll or retransmission is done, neigther by UDP nor anytun. The encapsulated protocol HAS TO take care of this tasks if needed. UDP however has a checksum of the complete udp datagram, so a packet gets discarded if there is a biterror in the payload
</p>
<a name="anchor8"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.2.3"></a><h3>2.3.
Fragmentation</h3>
<p>
The only way of fully supporting fragmentation would be to syncronise fragments between all anycast servers. This is considered to be to much overhead, so there are two non perfect solutions for this problems. Either fragmentation HAS TO be disabled or if not all fragments arrive at the same server the ip datagramm HAS TO be discarded. As routing changes are not expected to occure very frequently, the encapsulated protocol can do a retransmission and all fragments will arrive at the new server.
</p>
<a name="anchor9"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.3"></a><h3>3.
Protocol specification</h3>
<a name="anchor10"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.3.1"></a><h3>3.1.
Header format</h3>
<br /><hr class="insert" />
<a name="prot_header_table"></a>
<p>Protocol Format
</p><div style='display: table; width: 0; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: auto'><pre>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| sender ID | sequence number | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | .... payload ... | |
| |-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ |
| | padding (OPT) | pad count(OPT)| payload type | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ~ MKI (OPTIONAL) ~ |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| : authentication tag (RECOMMENDED) : |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
+- Encrypted Portion* Authenticated Portion ---+
</pre></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" align="center"><tr><td align="center"><font face="monaco, MS Sans Serif" size="1"><b> Figure 5 </b></font><br /></td></tr></table><hr class="insert" />
<p>
</p>
<a name="anchor11"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.3.2"></a><h3>3.2.
sender ID</h3>
<p>The sender ID is a 8bit unsigned integer. It HAS TO be unique for every sender sharing the same anycast address
</p>
<a name="anchor12"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.3.3"></a><h3>3.3.
sequence number</h3>
<p>The sequenze number is a 24 bit unsigned integer in network byte order. It starts with a random value and is increased by 1 for every sent packet. After the maximum value, it starts over from 0. This overrun causes the ROC to be increased.
</p>
<a name="anchor13"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.3.4"></a><h3>3.4.
payload</h3>
<p>A packet of the type payload type (e.g. an IP packet).
</p>
<a name="anchor14"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.3.5"></a><h3>3.5.
padding (OPTIONAL)</h3>
<p>Padding of max 255 ocitets.
None of the pre-defined encryption transforms uses any padding; for
these, the plaintext and encrypted payload sizes match exactly. Transforms are based on transforms of the SRTP protocol and these transforms might use the RTP padding format, so a RTP like padding is supported. If padding field is present, than the padding count field MUST be set to the padding lenght.
</p>
<a name="anchor15"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.3.6"></a><h3>3.6.
padding count</h3>
<p>The number of octets of the padding field. This field is optional. It's presents is signaled by the key management and not by this protocol. If this field isn't present, the padding field MUST NOT be present as well.
</p>
<a name="anchor16"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.3.7"></a><h3>3.7.
payload type field</h3>
<p>The payload type field defines the payload protocol. ETHER TYPE protocol numerbers are used. <a href='http://www.iana.org/assignments/ethernet-numbers'>See IANA assigned ethernet numbers</a> . The values 0000-05DC are reserverd and MUST NOT be used.
<br /><hr class="insert" />
<a name="prot_type_table"></a>
<p>Some examples for protocol types
</p><div style='display: table; width: 0; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: auto'><pre>
HEX
0000 Reserved
.... Reserved
05DC Reserved
0800 Internet IP (IPv4)
6558 transparent ethernet bridging
86DD IPv6
</pre></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" align="center"><tr><td align="center"><font face="monaco, MS Sans Serif" size="1"><b> Figure 6 </b></font><br /></td></tr></table><hr class="insert" />
<a name="anchor17"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.3.8"></a><h3>3.8.
Encryption</h3>
<p>Encryption is done in the same way as for <a class='info' href='#RFC3711'>SRTP<span> (</span><span class='info'>Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, “The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP),” March 2004.</span><span>)</span></a> [3]. This section will only discuss some small changes that HAVE TO be made.
</p>
<a name="anchor18"></a><br /><hr />
<a name="rfc.section.A"></a><h3>Appendix A.
The appan</h3>
<a name="rfc.references1"></a><br /><hr />
<h3>4. References</h3>
<table width="99%" border="0">
<tr><td class="author-text" valign="top"><a name="RFC2784">[1]</a></td>
<td class="author-text"><a href="mailto:dino@procket.com">Farinacci, D.</a>, <a href="mailto:tony1@home.net">Li, T.</a>, <a href="mailto:stan_hanks@enron.net">Hanks, S.</a>, <a href="mailto:dmm@cisco.com">Meyer, D.</a>, and <a href="mailto:pst@juniper.net">P. Traina</a>, “<a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2784.txt">Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)</a>,” RFC 2784, March 2000.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="author-text" valign="top"><a name="RFC2401">[2]</a></td>
<td class="author-text"><a href="mailto:kent@bbn.com">Kent, S.</a> and <a href="mailto:rja@corp.home.net">R. Atkinson</a>, “<a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2401.txt">Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol</a>,” RFC 2401, November 1998 (<a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2401.txt">TXT</a>, <a href="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/html/rfc2401.html">HTML</a>, <a href="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/xml/rfc2401.xml">XML</a>).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="author-text" valign="top"><a name="RFC3711">[3]</a></td>
<td class="author-text">Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, “<a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc3711.txt">The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)</a>,” RFC 3711, March 2004.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="author-text" valign="top"><a name="RFC1546">[4]</a></td>
<td class="author-text"><a href="mailto:craig@bbn.com">Partridge, C.</a>, <a href="mailto:tmendez@bbn.com">Mendez, T.</a>, and <a href="mailto:milliken@bbn.com">W. Milliken</a>, “<a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1546.txt">Host Anycasting Service</a>,” RFC 1546, November 1993.</td></tr>
</table>
<a name="rfc.authors"></a><br /><hr />
<h3>Author's Address</h3>
<table width="99%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td class="author-text"> </td>
<td class="author-text">Othmar Gsenger</td></tr>
<tr><td class="author-text"> </td>
<td class="author-text">Puerstingerstr 32/7</td></tr>
<tr><td class="author-text"> </td>
<td class="author-text">Saalfelden 5760</td></tr>
<tr><td class="author-text"> </td>
<td class="author-text">AT</td></tr>
<tr><td class="author" align="right">Phone: </td>
<td class="author-text"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="author" align="right">Email: </td>
<td class="author-text"><a href="mailto:satp@gsenger.com">satp@gsenger.com</a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="author" align="right">URI: </td>
<td class="author-text"><a href="http://www.gsenger.com/satp/">http://www.gsenger.com/satp/</a></td></tr>
</table>
<a name="rfc.copyright"></a><br /><hr />
<h3>Full Copyright Statement</h3>
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