From e4466fe9d602deafb1f6d9a6c08d08c948372904 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Othmar Gsenger
SATP is somehow a mixture of a generic encapsulation protocol like GRE (Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D., and P. Traina, “Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE),” March 2000.) [3] and a secure tunneling protocol as IPsec (Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, “Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol,” November 1998.) [4] in tunnel mode. To save some header overhead it uses the encryption technices of SRTP (Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, “The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP),” March 2004.) [1]. It supports peer to peer tunnels, where tunnel endpoints can be any combination of unicast, multicast or anycast hosts, so it defines a Host Anycast Service (Partridge, C., Mendez, T., and W. Milliken, “Host Anycasting Service,” November 1993.) [5] +
SATP is somehow a mixture of a generic encapsulation protocol like GRE (Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D., and P. Traina, “Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE),” March 2000.) [4] and a secure tunneling protocol as IPsec (Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, “Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol,” November 1998.) [5] in tunnel mode. To save some header overhead it uses the encryption technices of SRTP (Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, “The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP),” March 2004.) [1]. It supports peer to peer tunnels, where tunnel endpoints can be any combination of unicast, multicast or anycast hosts, so it defines a Host Anycast Service (Partridge, C., Mendez, T., and W. Milliken, “Host Anycasting Service,” November 1993.) [6]
Figure 2 |
+
When the unicast hosts wants to transmit data to one of the anycast DNS servers, it encapsulates the data and sends a SATP packet to the anycast address of the routers. The packet arrives at one of the routers, gets decapsulated and routed to the DNS server. This method can be used to tunnel between a clients and networks providing anycast services. It can also be used the other way to virtually locate a unicast service within anycasted networks.
SATP does not depend on which lower layer protocols is used, but it's most likely used on top of IP or UDP. This section should only discuss some issues on IP and UDP in combination with anycasting and tunnels. +
SATP does not depend on which lower layer protocols is used, but this section gives an example of how packets could look like.
Examples of SATP used with different lower layer and payload protocols
@@ -320,8 +320,6 @@ Tunneling of Ethernet over IPv6 Tunneling of IPv6 over IPv4 with RTP payload
Figure 4 |
When using UDP no flow control or retransmission is done, neither by UDP nor anytun. The encapsulated protocol HAS TO take care of this tasks if needed. UDP however has a checksum of the complete UDP datagram, so a packet gets discarded if there is a biterror in the payload -
- The only way of fully supporting fragmentation would be to synchronise fragments between all anycast servers. This is considered to be too much overhead, so there are two non perfect solutions for these problems. Either fragmentation HAS TO be disabled or if not all fragments arrive at the same server the ip datagramm HAS TO be discarded. As routing changes are not expected to occure very frequently, the encapsulated protocol can do a retransmission and all fragments will arrive at the new server. + The only way of fully supporting fragmentation would be to synchronise fragments between all anycast servers. This is considered to be too much overhead, so there are two non perfect solutions for these problems. Either fragmentation HAS TO be disabled or if not all fragments arrive at the same server the ip datagramm HAS TO be discarded. As routing changes are not expected to occure very frequently, the encapsulated protocol can do a retransmission and all fragments will arrive at the new server. +
+If the payload ip headers's Don't Fragment (DF) bit is set, than the DF bit of the outer ip header HAS TO be set as well.
ICMP messages MUST be relayed according to rfc2003 section 4 (Perkins, C., “IP Encapsulation within IP,” October 1996.) [3]. This is needed for path MTU discover +
+-
The sender ID is a 16bit unsigned integer. It HAS TO be unique for every sender sharing the same anycast address
-The sequence number is a 32 bit unsigned integer in network byte order. It starts with a random value and is increased by 1 for every sent packet. After the maximum value, it starts over from 0. This overrun causes the ROC to be increased.
-A packet of the type payload type (e.g. an IP packet).
-The number of octets of the padding field. This field is optional. It's presence is signaled by the key management and not by this protocol. If this field isn't present, the padding field MUST NOT be present as well.
-Encryption is done in the same way as for SRTP (Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, “The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP),” March 2004.) [1]. This section will only discuss some small changes that HAVE TO be made. Please read SRTP RFC3711 section 3-9 (Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, “The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP),” March 2004.) [1] for details. SSRC is replaced by the sender ID
-As satp uses the same encrytion technics as SRTP (Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, “The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP),” March 2004.) [1], it shares the same security issues. This section will only discuss some small changes. Please read SRTP RFC3711 section 9 (Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, “The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP),” March 2004.) [1] for details.
-[3] | +|
[4] | Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D., and P. Traina, “Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE),” RFC 2784, March 2000. |
[4] | +|
[5] | Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, “Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol,” RFC 2401, November 1998 (TXT, HTML, XML). |
[5] | +|
[6] | Partridge, C., Mendez, T., and W. Milliken, “Host Anycasting Service,” RFC 1546, November 1993. |