big svn cleanup

1 files changed, 1367 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/openvpn/misc.c b/src/openvpn/misc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e190b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvpn/misc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1367 @@
+/*
+ *  OpenVPN -- An application to securely tunnel IP networks
+ *             over a single TCP/UDP port, with support for SSL/TLS-based
+ *             session authentication and key exchange,
+ *             packet encryption, packet authentication, and
+ *             packet compression.
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2002-2005 OpenVPN Solutions LLC <info@openvpn.net>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
+ *  as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program (see the file COPYING included with this
+ *  distribution); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ *  59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+#include "config-win32.h"
+#else
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "syshead.h"
+
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "misc.h"
+#include "tun.h"
+#include "error.h"
+#include "thread.h"
+#include "otime.h"
+#include "plugin.h"
+#include "options.h"
+#include "manage.h"
+
+#include "memdbg.h"
+
+/* Redefine the top level directory of the filesystem
+   to restrict access to files for security */
+void
+do_chroot (const char *path)
+{
+  if (path)
+    {
+#ifdef HAVE_CHROOT
+      const char *top = "/";
+      if (chroot (path))
+	msg (M_ERR, "chroot to '%s' failed", path);
+      if (openvpn_chdir (top))
+	msg (M_ERR, "cd to '%s' failed", top);
+      msg (M_INFO, "chroot to '%s' and cd to '%s' succeeded", path, top);
+#else
+      msg (M_FATAL, "Sorry but I can't chroot to '%s' because this operating system doesn't appear to support the chroot() system call", path);
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+/* Get/Set UID of process */
+
+bool
+get_user (const char *username, struct user_state *state)
+{
+  bool ret = false;
+  CLEAR (*state);
+  if (username)
+    {
+#if defined(HAVE_GETPWNAM) && defined(HAVE_SETUID)
+      state->pw = getpwnam (username);
+      if (!state->pw)
+	msg (M_ERR, "failed to find UID for user %s", username);
+      state->username = username;
+      ret = true;
+#else
+      msg (M_FATAL, "Sorry but I can't setuid to '%s' because this operating system doesn't appear to support the getpwname() or setuid() system calls", username);
+#endif
+    }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void
+set_user (const struct user_state *state)
+{
+#if defined(HAVE_GETPWNAM) && defined(HAVE_SETUID)
+  if (state->username && state->pw)
+    {
+      if (setuid (state->pw->pw_uid))
+	msg (M_ERR, "setuid('%s') failed", state->username);
+      msg (M_INFO, "UID set to %s", state->username);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Get/Set GID of process */
+
+bool
+get_group (const char *groupname, struct group_state *state)
+{
+  bool ret = false;
+  CLEAR (*state);
+  if (groupname)
+    {
+#if defined(HAVE_GETGRNAM) && defined(HAVE_SETGID)
+      state->gr = getgrnam (groupname);
+      if (!state->gr)
+	msg (M_ERR, "failed to find GID for group %s", groupname);
+      state->groupname = groupname;
+      ret = true;
+#else
+      msg (M_FATAL, "Sorry but I can't setgid to '%s' because this operating system doesn't appear to support the getgrnam() or setgid() system calls", groupname);
+#endif
+    }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void
+set_group (const struct group_state *state)
+{
+#if defined(HAVE_GETGRNAM) && defined(HAVE_SETGID)
+  if (state->groupname && state->gr)
+    {
+      if (setgid (state->gr->gr_gid))
+	msg (M_ERR, "setgid('%s') failed", state->groupname);
+      msg (M_INFO, "GID set to %s", state->groupname);
+#ifdef HAVE_SETGROUPS
+      {
+        gid_t gr_list[1];
+	gr_list[0] = state->gr->gr_gid;
+	if (setgroups (1, gr_list))
+	  msg (M_ERR, "setgroups('%s') failed", state->groupname);
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Change process priority */
+void
+set_nice (int niceval)
+{
+  if (niceval)
+    {
+#ifdef HAVE_NICE
+      errno = 0;
+      nice (niceval);
+      if (errno != 0)
+	msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "WARNING: nice %d failed", niceval);
+      else
+	msg (M_INFO, "nice %d succeeded", niceval);
+#else
+      msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: nice %d failed (function not implemented)", niceval);
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pass tunnel endpoint and MTU parms to a user-supplied script.
+ * Used to execute the up/down script/plugins.
+ */
+void
+run_up_down (const char *command,
+	     const struct plugin_list *plugins,
+	     int plugin_type,
+	     const char *arg,
+	     int tun_mtu,
+	     int link_mtu,
+	     const char *ifconfig_local,
+	     const char* ifconfig_remote,
+	     const char *context,
+	     const char *signal_text,
+	     const char *script_type,
+	     struct env_set *es)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+
+  if (signal_text)
+    setenv_str (es, "signal", signal_text);
+  setenv_str (es, "script_context", context);
+  setenv_int (es, "tun_mtu", tun_mtu);
+  setenv_int (es, "link_mtu", link_mtu);
+  setenv_str (es, "dev", arg);
+
+  if (!ifconfig_local)
+    ifconfig_local = "";
+  if (!ifconfig_remote)
+    ifconfig_remote = "";
+  if (!context)
+    context = "";
+
+  if (plugin_defined (plugins, plugin_type))
+    {
+      struct buffer cmd = alloc_buf_gc (256, &gc);
+
+      ASSERT (arg);
+
+      buf_printf (&cmd,
+		  "%s %d %d %s %s %s",
+		  arg,
+		  tun_mtu, link_mtu,
+		  ifconfig_local, ifconfig_remote,
+		  context);
+
+      if (plugin_call (plugins, plugin_type, BSTR (&cmd), es))
+	msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: up/down plugin call failed");
+    }
+
+  if (command)
+    {
+      struct buffer cmd = alloc_buf_gc (256, &gc);
+
+      ASSERT (arg);
+
+      setenv_str (es, "script_type", script_type);
+
+      buf_printf (&cmd,
+		  "%s %s %d %d %s %s %s",
+		  command,
+		  arg,
+		  tun_mtu, link_mtu,
+		  ifconfig_local, ifconfig_remote,
+		  context);
+      msg (M_INFO, "%s", BSTR (&cmd));
+      system_check (BSTR (&cmd), es, S_SCRIPT|S_FATAL, "script failed");
+    }
+
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+/* Get the file we will later write our process ID to */
+void
+get_pid_file (const char* filename, struct pid_state *state)
+{
+  CLEAR (*state);
+  if (filename)
+    {
+      state->fp = fopen (filename, "w");
+      if (!state->fp)
+	msg (M_ERR, "Open error on pid file %s", filename);
+      state->filename = filename;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Write our PID to a file */
+void
+write_pid (const struct pid_state *state)
+{
+  if (state->filename && state->fp)
+    {
+      unsigned int pid = openvpn_getpid (); 
+      fprintf(state->fp, "%u\n", pid);
+      if (fclose (state->fp))
+	msg (M_ERR, "Close error on pid file %s", state->filename);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Get current PID */
+unsigned int
+openvpn_getpid ()
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  return (unsigned int) GetCurrentProcessId ();
+#else
+#ifdef HAVE_GETPID
+  return (unsigned int) getpid ();
+#else
+  return 0;
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Disable paging */
+void
+do_mlockall(bool print_msg)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_MLOCKALL
+  if (mlockall (MCL_CURRENT | MCL_FUTURE))
+    msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "WARNING: mlockall call failed");
+  else if (print_msg)
+    msg (M_INFO, "mlockall call succeeded");
+#else
+  msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: mlockall call failed (function not implemented)");
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef HAVE_DAEMON
+
+int
+daemon(int nochdir, int noclose)
+{
+#if defined(HAVE_FORK) && defined(HAVE_SETSID)
+  switch (fork())
+    {
+    case -1:
+      return (-1);
+    case 0:
+      break;
+    default:
+      openvpn_exit (OPENVPN_EXIT_STATUS_GOOD); /* exit point */
+    }
+
+  if (setsid() == -1)
+    return (-1);
+
+  if (!nochdir)
+    openvpn_chdir ("/");
+
+  if (!noclose)
+    set_std_files_to_null (false);
+#else
+  msg (M_FATAL, "Sorry but I can't become a daemon because this operating system doesn't appear to support either the daemon() or fork() system calls");
+#endif
+  return (0);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Set standard file descriptors to /dev/null
+ */
+void
+set_std_files_to_null (bool stdin_only)
+{
+#if defined(HAVE_DUP) && defined(HAVE_DUP2)
+  int fd;
+  if ((fd = open ("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0)) != -1)
+    {
+      dup2 (fd, 0);
+      if (!stdin_only)
+	{
+	  dup2 (fd, 1);
+	  dup2 (fd, 2);
+	}
+      if (fd > 2)
+	close (fd);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wrapper for chdir library function
+ */
+int
+openvpn_chdir (const char* dir)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_CHDIR
+  return chdir (dir);
+#else
+  return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ *  dup inetd/xinetd socket descriptor and save
+ */
+
+int inetd_socket_descriptor = SOCKET_UNDEFINED; /* GLOBAL */
+
+void
+save_inetd_socket_descriptor (void)
+{
+  inetd_socket_descriptor = INETD_SOCKET_DESCRIPTOR;
+#if defined(HAVE_DUP) && defined(HAVE_DUP2)
+  /* use handle passed by inetd/xinetd */
+  if ((inetd_socket_descriptor = dup (INETD_SOCKET_DESCRIPTOR)) < 0)
+    msg (M_ERR, "INETD_SOCKET_DESCRIPTOR dup(%d) failed", INETD_SOCKET_DESCRIPTOR);
+  set_std_files_to_null (true);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wrapper around the system() call.
+ */
+int
+openvpn_system (const char *command, const struct env_set *es, unsigned int flags)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSTEM
+  int ret;
+
+  /*
+   * We need to bracket this code by mutex because system() doesn't
+   * accept an environment list, so we have to use the process-wide
+   * list which is shared between all threads.
+   */
+  mutex_lock_static (L_SYSTEM);
+  perf_push (PERF_SCRIPT);
+
+  /*
+   * add env_set to environment.
+   */
+  if (flags & S_SCRIPT)
+    env_set_add_to_environment (es);
+
+
+  /* debugging */
+  dmsg (D_SCRIPT, "SYSTEM[%u] '%s'", flags, command);
+  if (flags & S_SCRIPT)
+    env_set_print (D_SCRIPT, es);
+
+  /*
+   * execute the command
+   */
+  ret = system (command);
+
+  /* debugging */
+  dmsg (D_SCRIPT, "SYSTEM return=%u", ret);
+
+  /*
+   * remove env_set from environment
+   */
+  if (flags & S_SCRIPT)
+    env_set_remove_from_environment (es);
+
+  perf_pop ();
+  mutex_unlock_static (L_SYSTEM);
+  return ret;
+
+#else
+  msg (M_FATAL, "Sorry but I can't execute the shell command '%s' because this operating system doesn't appear to support the system() call", command);
+  return -1; /* NOTREACHED */
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Warn if a given file is group/others accessible.
+ */
+void
+warn_if_group_others_accessible (const char* filename)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_STAT
+  struct stat st;
+  if (stat (filename, &st))
+    {
+      msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "WARNING: cannot stat file '%s'", filename);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      if (st.st_mode & (S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO))
+	msg (M_WARN, "WARNING: file '%s' is group or others accessible", filename);
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * convert system() return into a success/failure value
+ */
+bool
+system_ok (int stat)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  return stat == 0;
+#else
+  return stat != -1 && WIFEXITED (stat) && WEXITSTATUS (stat) == 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * did system() call execute the given command?
+ */
+bool
+system_executed (int stat)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  return stat != -1;
+#else
+  return stat != -1 && WEXITSTATUS (stat) != 127;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print an error message based on the status code returned by system().
+ */
+const char *
+system_error_message (int stat, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct buffer out = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+#ifdef WIN32
+  if (stat == -1)
+    buf_printf (&out, "shell command did not execute -- ");
+  buf_printf (&out, "system() returned error code %d", stat);
+#else
+  if (stat == -1)
+    buf_printf (&out, "shell command fork failed");
+  else if (!WIFEXITED (stat))
+    buf_printf (&out, "shell command did not exit normally");
+  else
+    {
+      const int cmd_ret = WEXITSTATUS (stat);
+      if (!cmd_ret)
+	buf_printf (&out, "shell command exited normally");
+      else if (cmd_ret == 127)
+	buf_printf (&out, "could not execute shell command");
+      else
+	buf_printf (&out, "shell command exited with error status: %d", cmd_ret);
+    }
+#endif
+  return (const char *)out.data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Run system(), exiting on error.
+ */
+bool
+system_check (const char *command, const struct env_set *es, unsigned int flags, const char *error_message)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  const int stat = openvpn_system (command, es, flags);
+  int ret = false;
+
+  if (system_ok (stat))
+    ret = true;
+  else
+    {
+      if (error_message)
+	msg (((flags & S_FATAL) ? M_FATAL : M_WARN), "%s: %s",
+	     error_message,
+	     system_error_message (stat, &gc));
+    }
+  gc_free (&gc);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize random number seed.  random() is only used
+ * when "weak" random numbers are acceptable.
+ * OpenSSL routines are always used when cryptographically
+ * strong random numbers are required.
+ */
+
+void
+init_random_seed(void)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
+  struct timeval tv;
+
+  if (!gettimeofday (&tv, NULL))
+    {
+      const unsigned int seed = (unsigned int) tv.tv_sec ^ tv.tv_usec;
+      srandom (seed);
+    }
+#else /* HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY */
+  const time_t current = time (NULL);
+  srandom ((unsigned int)current);
+#endif /* HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY */
+}
+
+/* thread-safe strerror */
+
+const char *
+strerror_ts (int errnum, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_STRERROR
+  struct buffer out = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+
+  mutex_lock_static (L_STRERR);
+  buf_printf (&out, "%s", openvpn_strerror (errnum, gc));
+  mutex_unlock_static (L_STRERR);
+  return BSTR (&out);
+#else
+  return "[error string unavailable]";
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set environmental variable (int or string).
+ *
+ * On Posix, we use putenv for portability,
+ * and put up with its painful semantics
+ * that require all the support code below.
+ */
+
+/* General-purpose environmental variable set functions */
+
+static char *
+construct_name_value (const char *name, const char *value, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct buffer out;
+
+  ASSERT (name);
+  if (!value)
+    value = "";
+  out = alloc_buf_gc (strlen (name) + strlen (value) + 2, gc);
+  buf_printf (&out, "%s=%s", name, value);
+  return BSTR (&out);
+}
+
+bool
+deconstruct_name_value (const char *str, const char **name, const char **value, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  char *cp;
+
+  ASSERT (str);
+  ASSERT (name && value);
+
+  *name = cp = string_alloc (str, gc);
+  *value = NULL;
+
+  while ((*cp))
+    {
+      if (*cp == '=' && !*value)
+	{
+	  *cp = 0;
+	  *value = cp + 1;
+	}
+      ++cp;
+    }
+  return *name && *value;
+}
+
+static bool
+env_string_equal (const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+  int c1, c2;
+  ASSERT (s1);
+  ASSERT (s2);
+
+  while (true)
+    {
+      c1 = *s1++;
+      c2 = *s2++;
+      if (c1 == '=')
+	c1 = 0;
+      if (c2 == '=')
+	c2 = 0;
+      if (!c1 && !c2)
+	return true;
+      if (c1 != c2)
+	break;
+    }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool
+remove_env_item (const char *str, const bool do_free, struct env_item **list)
+{
+  struct env_item *current, *prev;
+
+  ASSERT (str);
+  ASSERT (list);
+
+  for (current = *list, prev = NULL; current != NULL; current = current->next)
+    {
+      if (env_string_equal (current->string, str))
+	{
+	  if (prev)
+	    prev->next = current->next;
+	  else
+	    *list = current->next;
+	  if (do_free)
+	    {
+	      memset (current->string, 0, strlen (current->string));
+	      free (current->string);
+	      free (current);
+	    }
+	  return true;
+	}
+      prev = current;
+    }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static void
+add_env_item (char *str, const bool do_alloc, struct env_item **list, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct env_item *item;
+
+  ASSERT (str);
+  ASSERT (list);
+
+  ALLOC_OBJ_GC (item, struct env_item, gc);
+  item->string = do_alloc ? string_alloc (str, gc): str;
+  item->next = *list;
+  *list = item;
+}
+
+/* struct env_set functions */
+
+static bool
+env_set_del_nolock (struct env_set *es, const char *str)
+{
+  return remove_env_item (str, false, &es->list);
+}
+
+static void
+env_set_add_nolock (struct env_set *es, const char *str)
+{
+  remove_env_item (str, false, &es->list);  
+  add_env_item ((char *)str, true, &es->list, es->gc);
+}
+
+struct env_set *
+env_set_create (struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  struct env_set *es;
+  ASSERT (gc);
+  mutex_lock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+  ALLOC_OBJ_CLEAR_GC (es, struct env_set, gc);
+  es->list = NULL;
+  es->gc = gc;
+  mutex_unlock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+  return es;
+}
+
+bool
+env_set_del (struct env_set *es, const char *str)
+{
+  bool ret;
+  ASSERT (es);
+  ASSERT (str);
+  mutex_lock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+  ret = env_set_del_nolock (es, str);
+  mutex_unlock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+void
+env_set_add (struct env_set *es, const char *str)
+{
+  ASSERT (es);
+  ASSERT (str);
+  mutex_lock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+  env_set_add_nolock (es, str);
+  mutex_unlock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+}
+
+void
+env_set_print (int msglevel, const struct env_set *es)
+{
+  if (check_debug_level (msglevel))
+    {
+      const struct env_item *e;
+      int i;
+
+      if (es)
+	{
+	  mutex_lock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+	  e = es->list;
+	  i = 0;
+
+	  while (e)
+	    {
+	      msg (msglevel, "ENV [%d] '%s'", i, e->string);
+	      ++i;
+	      e = e->next;
+	    }
+	  mutex_unlock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+void
+env_set_inherit (struct env_set *es, const struct env_set *src)
+{
+  const struct env_item *e;
+
+  ASSERT (es);
+
+  if (src)
+    {
+      mutex_lock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+      e = src->list;
+      while (e)
+	{
+	  env_set_add_nolock (es, e->string);
+	  e = e->next;
+	}
+      mutex_unlock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+env_set_add_to_environment (const struct env_set *es)
+{
+  if (es)
+    {
+      struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+      const struct env_item *e;
+
+      mutex_lock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+      e = es->list;
+
+      while (e)
+	{
+	  const char *name;
+	  const char *value;
+
+	  if (deconstruct_name_value (e->string, &name, &value, &gc))
+	    setenv_str (NULL, name, value);
+
+	  e = e->next;
+	}
+      mutex_unlock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+      gc_free (&gc);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+env_set_remove_from_environment (const struct env_set *es)
+{
+  if (es)
+    {
+      struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+      const struct env_item *e;
+
+      mutex_lock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+      e = es->list;
+
+      while (e)
+	{
+	  const char *name;
+	  const char *value;
+
+	  if (deconstruct_name_value (e->string, &name, &value, &gc))
+	    setenv_del (NULL, name);
+
+	  e = e->next;
+	}
+      mutex_unlock_static (L_ENV_SET);
+      gc_free (&gc);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PUTENV
+
+/* companion functions to putenv */
+
+static struct env_item *global_env = NULL; /* GLOBAL */
+
+static void
+manage_env (char *str)
+{
+  remove_env_item (str, true, &global_env);
+  add_env_item (str, false, &global_env, NULL);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/* add/modify/delete environmental strings */
+
+void
+setenv_counter (struct env_set *es, const char *name, counter_type value)
+{
+  char buf[64];
+  openvpn_snprintf (buf, sizeof(buf), counter_format, value);
+  setenv_str (es, name, buf);
+}
+
+void
+setenv_int (struct env_set *es, const char *name, int value)
+{
+  char buf[64];
+  openvpn_snprintf (buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", value);
+  setenv_str (es, name, buf);
+}
+
+void
+setenv_str (struct env_set *es, const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+  setenv_str_ex (es, name, value, CC_NAME, 0, 0, CC_PRINT, 0, 0);
+}
+
+void
+setenv_del (struct env_set *es, const char *name)
+{
+  ASSERT (name);
+  setenv_str (es, name, NULL);
+}
+
+void
+setenv_str_ex (struct env_set *es,
+	       const char *name,
+	       const char *value,
+	       const unsigned int name_include,
+	       const unsigned int name_exclude,
+	       const char name_replace,
+	       const unsigned int value_include,
+	       const unsigned int value_exclude,
+	       const char value_replace)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+  const char *name_tmp;
+  const char *val_tmp = NULL;
+
+  ASSERT (name && strlen (name) > 1);
+
+  name_tmp = string_mod_const (name, name_include, name_exclude, name_replace, &gc);
+
+  if (value)
+    val_tmp = string_mod_const (value, value_include, value_exclude, value_replace, &gc);
+
+  if (es)
+    {
+      if (val_tmp)
+	{
+	  const char *str = construct_name_value (name_tmp, val_tmp, &gc);
+	  env_set_add (es, str);
+	}
+      else
+	env_set_del (es, name_tmp);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+#if defined(WIN32)
+      {
+	/*msg (M_INFO, "SetEnvironmentVariable '%s' '%s'", name_tmp, val_tmp ? val_tmp : "NULL");*/
+	if (!SetEnvironmentVariable (name_tmp, val_tmp))
+	  msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "SetEnvironmentVariable failed, name='%s', value='%s'",
+	       name_tmp,
+	       val_tmp ? val_tmp : "NULL");
+      }
+#elif defined(HAVE_PUTENV)
+      {
+	char *str = construct_name_value (name_tmp, val_tmp, NULL);
+	int status;
+
+	mutex_lock_static (L_PUTENV);
+	status = putenv (str);
+	/*msg (M_INFO, "PUTENV '%s'", str);*/
+	if (!status)
+	  manage_env (str);
+	mutex_unlock_static (L_PUTENV);
+	if (status)
+	  msg (M_WARN | M_ERRNO, "putenv('%s') failed", str);
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * taken from busybox networking/ifupdown.c
+ */
+unsigned int
+count_bits(unsigned int a)
+{
+  unsigned int result;
+  result = (a & 0x55) + ((a >> 1) & 0x55);
+  result = (result & 0x33) + ((result >> 2) & 0x33);
+  return((result & 0x0F) + ((result >> 4) & 0x0F));
+}
+
+int
+count_netmask_bits(const char *dotted_quad)
+{
+  unsigned int result, a, b, c, d;
+  /* Found a netmask...  Check if it is dotted quad */
+  if (sscanf(dotted_quad, "%u.%u.%u.%u", &a, &b, &c, &d) != 4)
+    return -1;
+  result = count_bits(a);
+  result += count_bits(b);
+  result += count_bits(c);
+  result += count_bits(d);
+  return ((int)result);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Go to sleep for n milliseconds.
+ */
+void
+sleep_milliseconds (unsigned int n)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  Sleep (n);
+#else
+  struct timeval tv;
+  tv.tv_sec = n / 1000;
+  tv.tv_usec = (n % 1000) * 1000;
+  select (0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Go to sleep indefinitely.
+ */
+void
+sleep_until_signal (void)
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+  ASSERT (0);
+#else
+  select (0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* return true if filename can be opened for read */
+bool
+test_file (const char *filename)
+{
+  bool ret = false;
+  if (filename)
+    {
+      FILE *fp = fopen (filename, "r");
+      if (fp)
+	{
+	  fclose (fp);
+	  ret = true;
+	}
+    }
+
+  dmsg (D_TEST_FILE, "TEST FILE '%s' [%d]",
+       filename ? filename : "UNDEF",
+       ret);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* create a temporary filename in directory */
+const char *
+create_temp_filename (const char *directory, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  static unsigned int counter;
+  struct buffer fname = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+
+  mutex_lock_static (L_CREATE_TEMP);
+  ++counter;
+  mutex_unlock_static (L_CREATE_TEMP);
+
+  buf_printf (&fname, PACKAGE "_%u_%u.tmp",
+	      openvpn_getpid (),
+	      counter);
+
+  return gen_path (directory, BSTR (&fname), gc);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Put a directory and filename together.
+ */
+const char *
+gen_path (const char *directory, const char *filename, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  const char *safe_filename = string_mod_const (filename, CC_ALNUM|CC_UNDERBAR|CC_DASH|CC_DOT|CC_AT, 0, '_', gc);
+
+  if (safe_filename
+      && strcmp (safe_filename, ".")
+      && strcmp (safe_filename, ".."))
+    {
+      struct buffer out = alloc_buf_gc (256, gc);
+      char dirsep[2];
+
+      dirsep[0] = OS_SPECIFIC_DIRSEP;
+      dirsep[1] = '\0';
+
+      if (directory)
+	buf_printf (&out, "%s%s", directory, dirsep);
+      buf_printf (&out, "%s", safe_filename);
+
+      return BSTR (&out);
+    }
+  else
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* delete a file, return true if succeeded */
+bool
+delete_file (const char *filename)
+{
+#if defined(WIN32)
+  return (DeleteFile (filename) != 0);
+#elif defined(HAVE_UNLINK)
+  return (unlink (filename) == 0);
+#else
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the next largest power of 2
+ * or u if u is a power of 2.
+ */
+unsigned int
+adjust_power_of_2 (unsigned int u)
+{
+  unsigned int ret = 1;
+
+  while (ret < u)
+    {
+      ret <<= 1;
+      ASSERT (ret > 0);
+    }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GETPASS
+
+static FILE *
+open_tty (const bool write)
+{
+  FILE *ret;
+  ret = fopen ("/dev/tty", write ? "w" : "r");
+  if (!ret)
+    ret = write ? stderr : stdin;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static void
+close_tty (FILE *fp)
+{
+  if (fp != stderr && fp != stdin)
+    fclose (fp);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Get input from console
+ */
+bool
+get_console_input (const char *prompt, const bool echo, char *input, const int capacity)
+{
+  bool ret = false;
+  ASSERT (prompt);
+  ASSERT (input);
+  ASSERT (capacity > 0);
+  input[0] = '\0';
+
+#if defined(WIN32)
+  return get_console_input_win32 (prompt, echo, input, capacity);
+#elif defined(HAVE_GETPASS)
+  if (echo)
+    {
+      FILE *fp;
+
+      fp = open_tty (true);
+      fprintf (fp, "%s", prompt);
+      fflush (fp);
+      close_tty (fp);
+
+      fp = open_tty (false);
+      if (fgets (input, capacity, fp) != NULL)
+	{
+	  chomp (input);
+	  ret = true;
+	}
+      close_tty (fp);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      char *gp = getpass (prompt);
+      if (gp)
+	{
+	  strncpynt (input, gp, capacity);
+	  memset (gp, 0, strlen (gp));
+	  ret = true;
+	}
+    }
+#else
+  msg (M_FATAL, "Sorry, but I can't get console input on this OS");
+#endif
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get and store a username/password
+ */
+
+void
+get_user_pass (struct user_pass *up,
+	       const char *auth_file,
+	       const bool password_only,
+	       const char *prefix,
+	       const unsigned int flags)
+{
+  struct gc_arena gc = gc_new ();
+
+  if (!up->defined)
+    {
+      const bool from_stdin = (!auth_file || !strcmp (auth_file, "stdin"));
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+      /*
+       * Get username/password from standard input?
+       */
+      if (management
+	  && ((auth_file && streq (auth_file, "management")) || (from_stdin && (flags & GET_USER_PASS_MANAGEMENT)))
+	  && management_query_user_pass_enabled (management))
+	{
+	  if (!management_query_user_pass (management, up, prefix, password_only))
+	    msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: could not read %s username/password from management interface", prefix);
+	}
+      else
+#endif
+      /*
+       * Get username/password from standard input?
+       */
+      if (from_stdin)
+	{
+	  struct buffer user_prompt = alloc_buf_gc (128, &gc);
+	  struct buffer pass_prompt = alloc_buf_gc (128, &gc);
+
+	  buf_printf (&user_prompt, "Enter %s Username:", prefix);
+	  buf_printf (&pass_prompt, "Enter %s Password:", prefix);
+
+	  if (!password_only)
+	    {
+	      if (!get_console_input (BSTR (&user_prompt), true, up->username, USER_PASS_LEN))
+		msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: could not read %s username from stdin", prefix);
+	      if (strlen (up->username) == 0)
+		msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: %s username is empty", prefix);
+	    }
+
+	  if (!get_console_input (BSTR (&pass_prompt), false, up->password, USER_PASS_LEN))
+	    msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: could not not read %s password from stdin", prefix);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /*
+	   * Get username/password from a file.
+	   */
+	  FILE *fp;
+      
+#ifndef ENABLE_PASSWORD_SAVE
+	  /*
+	   * Unless ENABLE_PASSWORD_SAVE is defined, don't allow sensitive passwords
+	   * to be read from a file.
+	   */
+	  if (flags & GET_USER_PASS_SENSITIVE)
+	    msg (M_FATAL, "Sorry, '%s' password cannot be read from a file", prefix);
+#endif
+
+	  warn_if_group_others_accessible (auth_file);
+
+	  fp = fopen (auth_file, "r");
+	  if (!fp)
+	    msg (M_ERR, "Error opening '%s' auth file: %s", prefix, auth_file);
+
+	  if (password_only)
+	    {
+	      if (fgets (up->password, USER_PASS_LEN, fp) == NULL)
+		msg (M_FATAL, "Error reading password from %s authfile: %s",
+		     prefix,
+		     auth_file);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      if (fgets (up->username, USER_PASS_LEN, fp) == NULL
+		  || fgets (up->password, USER_PASS_LEN, fp) == NULL)
+		msg (M_FATAL, "Error reading username and password (must be on two consecutive lines) from %s authfile: %s",
+		     prefix,
+		     auth_file);
+	    }
+      
+	  fclose (fp);
+      
+	  chomp (up->username);
+	  chomp (up->password);
+      
+	  if (!password_only && strlen (up->username) == 0)
+	    msg (M_FATAL, "ERROR: username from %s authfile '%s' is empty", prefix, auth_file);
+	}
+
+      string_mod (up->username, CC_PRINT, CC_CRLF, 0);
+      string_mod (up->password, CC_PRINT, CC_CRLF, 0);
+
+      up->defined = true;
+    }
+
+#if 0
+  msg (M_INFO, "GET_USER_PASS %s u='%s' p='%s'", prefix, up->username, up->password);
+#endif
+
+  gc_free (&gc);
+}
+
+void
+purge_user_pass (struct user_pass *up, const bool force)
+{
+  const bool nocache = up->nocache;
+  if (nocache || force)
+    {
+      CLEAR (*up);
+      up->nocache = nocache;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Process string received by untrusted peer before
+ * printing to console or log file.
+ *
+ * Assumes that string has been null terminated.
+ */
+const char *
+safe_print (const char *str, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  return string_mod_const (str, CC_PRINT, CC_CRLF, '.', gc);
+}
+
+/* Make arrays of strings */
+
+const char **
+make_env_array (const struct env_set *es, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  char **ret = NULL;
+  struct env_item *e = NULL;
+  int i = 0, n = 0;
+
+  /* figure length of es */
+  if (es)
+    {
+      for (e = es->list; e != NULL; e = e->next)
+	++n;
+    }
+
+  /* alloc return array */
+  ALLOC_ARRAY_CLEAR_GC (ret, char *, n+1, gc);
+
+  /* fill return array */
+  if (es)
+    {
+      e = es->list;
+      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+	{
+	  ASSERT (e);
+	  ret[i] = e->string;
+	  e = e->next;
+	}
+    }
+
+  ret[i] = NULL;
+  return (const char **)ret;
+}
+
+const char **
+make_arg_array (const char *first, const char *parms, struct gc_arena *gc)
+{
+  char **ret = NULL;
+  int base = 0;
+  const int max_parms = MAX_PARMS + 2;
+  int n = 0;
+
+  /* alloc return array */
+  ALLOC_ARRAY_CLEAR_GC (ret, char *, max_parms, gc);
+
+  /* process first parameter, if provided */
+  if (first)
+    {
+      ret[base++] = string_alloc (first, gc);
+    }
+
+  if (parms)
+    {
+      n = parse_line (parms, &ret[base], max_parms - base - 1, "make_arg_array", 0, M_WARN, gc);
+      ASSERT (n >= 0 && n + base + 1 <= max_parms);
+    }
+  ret[base + n] = NULL;
+
+  return (const char **)ret;
+}
+
+void
+openvpn_sleep (const int n)
+{
+#ifdef ENABLE_MANAGEMENT
+  if (management)
+    {
+      management_event_loop_n_seconds (management, n);
+      return;
+    }
+#endif
+  sleep (n);
+}